Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mesotoga prima gen. nov., sp. nov., the first described mesophilic species of the Thermotogales

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Extremophiles Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel mesophilic member of the Thermotogales, strain MesG1.Ag.4.2, was isolated from sediments from Baltimore Harbor, MD, USA. The strain grew optimally at 37 °C with a doubling time of 16.5 h on xylose. Carbohydrates and proteinaceous compounds supported growth and pentoses were preferred over hexoses. The strain was strictly anaerobic and growth was slightly stimulated by thiosulfate, sulfite, and elemental sulfur. The G + C content of its genomic DNA was 45.3 mol%. Strain MesG1.Ag.4.2 and Kosmotoga olearia lipids were analyzed. Strain MesG1.Ag.4.2 contained no long-chain dicarboxylic acids and its major phospholipid was lyso-phosphatidylserine. Long-chain dicarboxylic acids were found in K. olearia and its major phospholipid was cardiolipin, a lipid not yet reported in Thermotogales species. Phylogenetic analyses of its two 16S rRNA genes placed strain MesG1.Ag.4.2 within the bacterial order Thermotogales. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and its low optimal growth temperature, it is proposed that the strain represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Thermotogaceae, order Thermotogales. The name Mesotoga prima gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of M. prima is MesG1.Ag.4.2 (= DSM 24739 = ATCC BAA-2239).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Balch WE, Fox GE, Magrum LJ, Woese CR, Wolfe RS (1979) Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group. Microbiol Rev 43:260–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben Hania W, Ghodbane R, Posteca A, Brochier-Armanetc C, Hamdi M, Fardeau M-L, Ollivier B (2011) Cultivation of the first mesophilic representative (“mesotoga”) within the order Thermotogales. Syst Appl Microbiol 34:581–585

    Google Scholar 

  • Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37:911–917

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Briones AM, Daugherty BJ, Angenent LT, Rausch KD, Tumbleson ME, Raskin L (2007) Microbial diversity and dynamics in multi- and single-compartment anaerobic bioreactors processing sulfate-rich waste streams. Environ Microbiol 9:93–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chouari R, Le Paslier D, Daegelen P, Ginestet P, Weissenbach J, Sghir A (2005) Novel predominant archaeal and bacterial groups revealed by molecular analysis of an anaerobic sludge digester. Environ Microbiol 7:1104–1115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Damsté JS, Rijpstra WI, Hopmans EC, Schouten S, Balk M, Stams AJ (2007) Structural characterization of diabolic acid-based tetraester, tetraether and mixed ether/ester, membrane-spanning lipids of bacteria from the order Thermotogales. Arch Microbiol 188:629–641

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dollhopf SL, Hashsham SA, Tiedje JM (2001) Interpreting 16S rDNA T-RFLP data: application of self-organizing maps and principal component analysis to describe community dynamics and convergence. Microb Ecol 42:495–505

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enright AM, Collins G, O’Flaherty V (2007) Temporal microbial diversity changes in solvent-degrading anaerobic granular sludge from low-temperature (15 degrees C) wastewater treatment bioreactors. Syst Appl Microbiol 30:471–482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez N, Diaz EE, Amils R, Sanz JL (2008) Analysis of microbial community during biofilm development in an anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor. Microb Ecol 56:121–132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holoman TR, Elberson MA, Cutter LA, May HD, Sowers KR (1998) Characterization of a defined 2,3,5, 6-tetrachlorobiphenyl-ortho-dechlorinating microbial community by comparative sequence analysis of genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:3359–3367

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeanthon C, Reysenbach AL, Lharidon S, Gambacorta A, Pace NR, Glenat P, Prieur D (1995) Thermotoga subterranea sp. nov., a new thermophilic bacterium isolated from a continental oil reservoir. Arch Microbiol 164:91–97

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung S, Lowe SE, Hollingsworth RI, Zeikus JG (1993) Sarcina ventriculi synthesizes very long chain dicarboxylic acids in response to different forms of environmental stress. J Biol Chem 268:2828–2835

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinidis KT, Tiedje JM (2005) Genomic insights that advance the species definition for prokaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:2567–2572

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leven L, Eriksson AR, Schnurer A (2007) Effect of process temperature on bacterial and archaeal communities in two methanogenic bioreactors treating organic household waste. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 59:683–693

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nesbø CL, Dlutek M, Zhaxybayeva O, Doolittle WF (2006) Evidence for existence of “mesotogas,” members of the order Thermotogales adapted to low-temperature environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:5061–5068

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nesbø CL, Kumaraswamy R, Dlutek M, Doolittle WF, Foght J (2010) Searching for mesophilic Thermotogales bacteria: “mesotogas” in the wild. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:4896–4900

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Novik GI, Astapovich NI, Grzegorzewicz A, Gamian A (2006) Analysis of phospholipids in Bifidobacteria. Microbiol 75:29–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson A, Kraunz KS, Sessions AL, Dekas AE, Leavitt WD, Edwards KJ (2008) Quantifying microbial utilization of petroleum hydrocarbons in salt marsh sediments by using the 13C content of bacterial rRNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:1157–1166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pham VD, Hnatow LL, Zhang S, Fallon RD, Jackson SC, Tomb JF, DeLong EF, Keeler SJ (2009) Characterizing microbial diversity in production water from an Alaskan mesothermic petroleum reservoir with two independent molecular methods. Environ Microbiol 11:176–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rilfors L, Wieslander A, Ståhl S (1978) Lipid and protein composition of membranes of Bacillus megaterium variants in the temperature range 5 to 70 degrees C. J Bacteriol 135:1043–1052

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe AR, Lazar BJ, Morris RM, Richardson RE (2008) Characterization of the community structure of a dechlorinating mixed culture and comparisons of gene expression in planktonic and biofloc-associated “Dehalococcoides” and Methanospirillum species. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:6709–6719

    Google Scholar 

  • Spurr AR (1969) A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J Ultrastruct Res 26:31–43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahata Y, Nishijima M, Hoaki T, Maruyama T (2001) Thermotoga petrophila sp. nov. and Thermotoga naphthophila sp. nov., two hyperthermophilic bacteria from the Kubiki oil reservoir in Niigata, Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:1901–1909

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watts JE, Wu Q, Schreier SB, May HD, Sowers KR (2001) Comparative analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl-dechlorinating communities in enrichment cultures using three different molecular screening techniques. Environ Microbiol 3:710–719

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White DC, Ringelberg DB (1998) Signature lipid biomarker analysis. In: Burlage RS, Atlas R, Stahl D, Geesey G, Sayler G (eds) Techniques in microbial ecology. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 255–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Q, Sowers KR, May HD (2000) Establishment of a polychlorinated biphenyl-dechlorinating microbial consortium, specific for doubly flanked chlorines, in a defined, sediment-free medium. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:49–53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan T, LaPara TM, Novak PJ (2006) The reductive dechlorination of 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl in three different sediment cultures: evidence for the involvement of phylogenetically similar Dehalococcoides-like bacterial populations. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 55:248–261

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida N, Takahashi N, Hiraishi A (2005) Phylogenetic characterization of a polychlorinated-dioxin-dechlorinating microbial community by use of microcosm studies. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:4325–4334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Ren N, Wang A (2008) Contributions of fermentative acidogenic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria to lactate degradation and sulfate reduction. Chemosphere 72:233–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by funds to KMN from the NASA Exobiology program (NNX08AQ10G), the US Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DE-PS02-08ER08-12), and the National Science Foundation Assembling the Tree of Life program (DEB0830024) and by funds to CLN from the Norwegian research council (project no. 180444/V40). The authors thank Joy Watts at the University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom for the enrichment cultures from which M. prima was isolated, Dr. Randy Mandryk, University of Alberta, for assistance with TEM, and Dr. Olga Zhaxybayeva, West Virginia University, for assistance with genome analysis, and Lauren Bradford for technical assistance. We also thank anonymous reviewers of an earlier manuscript for their helpful comments and suggestions on the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway

    Camilla L. Nesbø

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada

    Camilla L. Nesbø, Abigail Adebusuyi & Julia Foght

  3. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Unit-3125, 91 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT, 06269-3125, USA

    Danielle M. Bradnan, Amanda K. Petrus & Kenneth M. Noll

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada

    Marlena Dlutek & W. Ford Doolittle

Authors
  1. Camilla L. Nesbø
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Danielle M. Bradnan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abigail Adebusuyi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Marlena Dlutek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Amanda K. Petrus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Julia Foght
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. W. Ford Doolittle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Kenneth M. Noll
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kenneth M. Noll.

Additional information

Communicated by M. da Costa.

The GenBank accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mesotoga prima strain MesG1.Ag.4.2 are HM003108 and HM003109.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nesbø, C.L., Bradnan, D.M., Adebusuyi, A. et al. Mesotoga prima gen. nov., sp. nov., the first described mesophilic species of the Thermotogales. Extremophiles 16, 387–393 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0437-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0437-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation