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Cognitive reserve in patients with first-episode psychosis as outcome predictor at 5-year follow-up

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Abstract

Cognitive reserve (CR) is the premorbid brain capacity to cope with neural damage. People with good CR can tolerate higher levels of pathological brain injuries before displaying clinical symptoms than others. This study aimed to analyze CR in a sample of patients diagnosed with first-episode psychosis (FEP) during childhood or adolescence, comparing them to a community control group (CC) and assessing the predictive value of CR regarding psychosocial functioning, clinical symptoms and neuropsychological variables at the 5-year follow-up. 57 patients diagnosed with FEP during childhood or adolescence and 37 controls completed clinical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial functioning assessments at baseline and 5-year follow-up. CR was assessed in both groups at baseline. The FEP group showed lower CR scores than the CC group. Higher CR in the FEP group was associated with fewer psychotic negative symptoms, total psychotic symptoms and depressive symptoms, higher psychosocial functioning, and less impaired memory and attention at the 5-year follow-up. CR is associated with long-term clinical, neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning outcomes in patients diagnosed with FEP during childhood or adolescence.

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Acknowledgements

The authors of this report would like to thank the following organizations for their kind support: the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Catalonia Government (2017SGR881; SLT006/17/00346), the ERDF Funds from the European Commission, “A way of making Europe” and CIBERSAM. The authors would also like to thank the families who participated in this study, Ms Mireia Rosa and Marina Redondo for their help with data collection.

Funding

This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Catalonia Government (2017SGR881; SLT006/17/00346), the ERDF Funds from the European Commission, “A way of making Europe” and CIBERSAM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain

    Patricia Camprodon-Boadas, Elena de la Serna, Inmaculada Baeza, Olga Puig, Daniel Ilzarbe, Gisela Sugranyes & Josefina Castro-Fornieles

  2. Fundació Clínic Per a La Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain

    Patricia Camprodon-Boadas

  3. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain

    Elena de la Serna, Inmaculada Baeza, Olga Puig, Gisela Sugranyes & Josefina Castro-Fornieles

  4. Institut D´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi I Sunyer, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain

    Inmaculada Baeza, Daniel Ilzarbe, Gisela Sugranyes, Roger Borras & Josefina Castro-Fornieles

  5. Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Inmaculada Baeza & Josefina Castro-Fornieles

Authors
  1. Patricia Camprodon-Boadas
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  2. Elena de la Serna
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  7. Roger Borras
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  8. Josefina Castro-Fornieles
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Contributions

Authors ES, OP, JC and IB designed the study and wrote the protocol. GS contributed to the final design of the study. PC and DI collected data. PC managed the literature searches. ES, PC and RB undertook statistical analysis. PC wrote the first draft of the manuscript. JC and ES contributed to earlier versions of the manuscript. All authors contributed to and have approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Josefina Castro-Fornieles.

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Conflict of interest

DI has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ‘Rio Hortega’ contract CM17/00019, with the support of European Social Fund), and a grant from the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation, as well as honoraria and travel support from Otsuka-Lundbeck and Janssen. IB has received honoraria and travel support from Otsuka-Lundbeck and Janssen, research support from Fundación Alicia Koplowitz and grants from Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The other authors do not report conflicts of interest.

Ethical standards

The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant institutional committee on human experimentation and with Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments.

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Camprodon-Boadas, P., de la Serna, E., Baeza, I. et al. Cognitive reserve in patients with first-episode psychosis as outcome predictor at 5-year follow-up. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30, 1959–1967 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01668-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01668-4

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