Abstract
There are notable differences in suicide methods between countries. The aim of this paper is to analyse and describe suicide methods in children and adolescents aged 10–19 years in different countries/territories worldwide. Suicide data by ICD-10 X codes were obtained from the WHO Mortality Database and population data from the World Bank. In total, 101 countries or territories, have data at least for 5 years in 2000–2009. Cluster analysis by suicide methods was performed for countries/territories with at least 10 suicide cases separately by gender (74 for males and 71 for females) in 2000–2009. The most frequent suicide method was hanging, followed by poisoning by pesticides for females and firearms for males. Cluster analyses of similarities in the country/territory level suicide method patterns by gender identified four clusters for both gender. Hanging and poisoning by pesticides defined the clusters of countries/territories by their suicide patterns in youth for both genders. In addition, a mixed method and a jumping from height cluster were identified for females and two mixed method clusters for males. A number of geographical similarities were observed. Overall, the patterns of suicide methods in children and adolescents reflect lethality, availability and acceptability of suicide means similarly to country specific patterns of all ages. Means restriction has very good potential in preventing youth suicides in different countries. It is also crucial to consider cognitive availability influenced by sensationalised media reporting and/or provision of technical details about specific methods.
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Acknowledgments
This study is supported by the Australian Research Council Linkage grant “Trends and predictors of suicide in Australian children” (LP0990918).
We would like to acknowledge our partners: the Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian (CCYPCG), Queensland Department of Justice, Office of State Coroner (OSC); Queensland Mental Health Commission (QMHC); and, Department of Education, Training and Employment (DETE).
We would also like to acknowledge Damian Shaw-Williams for his thorough linguistic revision of the manuscript.
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Kõlves, K., de Leo, D. Suicide methods in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26, 155–164 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0865-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0865-y