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Deficient maturation of aspects of attention and executive functions in early onset schizophrenia

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Abstract

The few existing long-term, neuropsychological follow-up studies of early onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients have reported relative stability in some cognitive functions but abnormal developmental trajectories in verbal memory, set shifting, aspects of attention, and speed of information processing throughout late adolescence into early adulthood. The current 5-year follow-up study compared the development of specific cognitive functions in EOS patients (N = 17) from the time of first-episode to chronic phase with that of healthy controls (N = 38) and secondarily to patients with other early onset, non-organic, non-affective psychoses (EOP) (N = 11). Speed of processing of executive functions, set shifting, and attention improved significantly in the healthy controls and reflected continuous functional maturation during late adolescence and early adulthood. The developmental progression of attention and set shifting but not speed of processing of executive functions was significantly subnormal in EOS patients. Other specific cognitive functions that had attained functional maturity in the healthy controls before or around the time of the baseline assessment showed normal development in EOS patients during the follow-up period, indicating stable cognitive deficits. These results suggest post-onset developmental deficits in two out of the three aspects of attention and executive functions that have protracted maturational trajectories and that overlap the age of onset of EOS. No significant difference in the development of any specific cognitive function was found between the EOS and EOP group.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by H:S The Foundation of Copenhagen Hospital Services [grant number 2/03r/BBH]; Danish Research Agency, Ministry for Science, Technology, and Innovation [grant number 22-03-0365]; Danish Agency for Science, Technology, and Innovation [grant number 271-06-0453]; The Danielsen Foundation [105690]; The Hermansen Foundation [grant number 00962-0001].

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  1. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark

    Jens Richardt M. Jepsen, Anne Katrine Pagsberg & Anne Marie R. Christensen

  2. Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Psychiatric Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 29-67, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark

    Birgitte Fagerlund

  3. Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark

    Merete Nordentoft

  4. Institute of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, opg. Z 1.sal, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark

    Erik L. Mortensen

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  1. Jens Richardt M. Jepsen
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Correspondence to Jens Richardt M. Jepsen.

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Table 3 Baseline and follow-up diagnoses of the individual EOS and EOP patients
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Jepsen, J.R.M., Fagerlund, B., Pagsberg, A.K. et al. Deficient maturation of aspects of attention and executive functions in early onset schizophrenia. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19, 773–786 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-010-0126-4

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