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What have birth cohort studies asked about genetic, pre- and perinatal exposures and child and adolescent onset mental health outcomes? A systematic review

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Abstract

Increased understanding of early neurobehavioural development is needed to prevent, identify, and treat childhood psychopathology most effectively at the earliest possible stage. Prospective birth cohorts can elucidate the association of genes, environment, and their interactions with neurobehavioural development. We conducted a systematic review of the birth cohort literature. On the basis of internet searches and 6,248 peer-reviewed references, 105 longitudinal epidemiological studies were identified. Twenty studies met inclusion criteria (prospectively recruited, population-based cohort studies, including at least one assessment before the end of the perinatal period and at least one assessment of behaviour, temperament/personality, neuropsychiatric or psychiatric status before 19 years of age), and their methodologies were reviewed in full. Whilst the birth cohort studies did examine some aspects of behaviour and neurodevelopment, observations in the early months and years were rare. Furthermore, aspects of sampling method, sample size, data collection, design, and breadth and depth of measurement in some studies made research questions about neurodevelopment difficult to answer. Existing birth cohort studies have yielded limited information on how pre- and perinatal factors and early neurodevelopment relate to child psychopathology. Further epidemiological research is required with a specific focus on early neurodevelopment. Studies are needed which include the measures of early childhood psychopathology and involve long-term follow-up.

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Abbreviations

ADHD:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

ASC:

Autism spectrum conditions

CD:

Conduct disorder

ODD:

Oppositional defiant disorder

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Acknowledgments

Philip Wilson’s research career award in infant mental health was funded by the Scottish Government Health Department Chief Scientist Office. Financial support for this project was provided by Greater Glasgow NHS Board Primary Care Division Research and Development Directorate. The support of the Scottish ABCD study core group and the birth cohort study research teams who provided information for this paper is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks to Jon Heron for providing detailed documentation on the ALSPAC study and Emma Lidstone for helping to gather information for this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Community Based Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Caledonia House, RHSC Yorkhill, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK

    Lucy Thompson, Jeremy Kemp, Philip Wilson, Rachel Pritchett, Helen Minnis, Christine Puckering & Christopher Gillberg

  2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK

    Lucy Thompson, Helen Minnis, Christine Puckering & Christopher Gillberg

  3. Faculty of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    Louise Toms-Whittle

  4. Centre for Integrated Healthcare Research, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    James Law

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  1. Lucy Thompson
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Correspondence to Philip Wilson.

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Thompson, L., Kemp, J., Wilson, P. et al. What have birth cohort studies asked about genetic, pre- and perinatal exposures and child and adolescent onset mental health outcomes? A systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19, 1–15 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-009-0045-4

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