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Microbiome differences in periodontal, peri-implant, and healthy sites: a cross-sectional pilot study

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Abstract

Objectives

To explore microbial communities associated with health and disease status around teeth and dental implants.

Materials and methods

A total of 10 healthy, 24 periodontitis, and 24 peri-implant sites from 24 patients were sequenced by next-generation sequencing. Microbial DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA gene was amplified. Bioinformatic analyses were performed using quantitative insights into microbial ecology (QIIME), linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSE), and STAMP.

Results

Differences in microbial diversity across three types of sites were not statistically significant. Several genera and species were more prevalent in healthy compared with diseased sites, including Lautropia, Rothia and Capnocytophaga and Kingella. Among diseased sites, Peptostreptococcaceae, Dialister, Mongibacterium, Atopobium, and Filifactor were over-represented in peri-implantitis sites, while Bacteroidales was more abundant in periodontitis sites.

Conclusions

Diseased periodontal and peri-implant sites and corresponding healthy sites have distinct microbiological profiles. These findings suggest that microbial analyses could identify biomarkers for periodontal health and disease and lead to the development of new strategies to improve periodontal health and treat peri-implant and periodontal diseases.

Clinical relevance

The study contributes to improving our understanding of healthy, periodontally affected, and peri-implantitis sites which can improve our ability to diagnose, monitor, and manage these oral conditions.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by “linea intervento 3 Open Access Piano PIACERI 2020-2022” from University of Catania, Italy and Second Level Master’s Degree in Complex Oral Rehabilitation University of Catania. We wish to thank the Scientific Bureau of the University of Catania for language support. We also wish to thank our Director of Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgery Specialties, School of Dental Medicine, Prof. Ernesto Rapisarda, Gino Mongelli, and the CS B.R.I.T. for their technical assistance and Giuseppe Pigola for bioinformatic analysis.

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Author notes

  1. Giovanni Barbagallo and Maria Santagati have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, Division of Dental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Giovanni Barbagallo, Paolo Torrisi & Sebastiano Ferlito

  2. Medical Molecular Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory (MMARLab), Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Maria Santagati, Ambra Spitale & Stefania Stefani

  3. Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

    Alaa Guni & Luigi Nibali

Authors
  1. Giovanni Barbagallo
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  2. Maria Santagati
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  3. Alaa Guni
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  4. Paolo Torrisi
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Paolo Torrisi, Ambra Spitale, and Alaa Guni. Analysis was performed by Giovanni Barbagallo, Maria Santagati, and Sebastiano Ferlito. The original draft of the manuscript was written by Stefania Stefani, Giovanni Barbagallo, Maria Santagati, and Luigi Nibali. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria Santagati.

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Ethics approval

The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Catania 2 (47/2018/CECT2).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Supplementary Information

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784_2021_4253_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Figure S1: Different bacterial abundance between HE, PA and PI groups at the phylum level. The microbial taxonomic profiles across PA, PI and HE sites were affiliated predominantly with 10 phyla in which Bacteroidetes (33%) and Firmicutes (31.4%) were more abundant in the PA and PI groups while  Proteobacteria (29.1 5) was more abundant in the HE group. (PDF 118 KB)

784_2021_4253_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Figure S2: Species differing between healthy and periodontal sites. The significant differences in terms of the relative abundances at the specie level between HE and PA groups (White’s non-parametric t-test; p-value < 0.05). (PDF 51 KB)

784_2021_4253_MOESM3_ESM.pdf

Figure S3: Species differing between healthy and peri-implant sites.The significant differences in terms of the relative abundances at the specie level between HE and PI groups (White’s non-parametric t-test; p-value < 0.05).(PDF 54 KB)

784_2021_4253_MOESM4_ESM.pdf

Figure S4: Species differing between periodontal and peri-implant sites.The significant differences in terms of the relative abundances at the specie level between PA and PI groups (White’s non-parametric t-test; p-value < 0.05).(PDF 47 KB)

784_2021_4253_MOESM5_ESM.pdf

Figure S5: Most significant taxa to discriminate healthy and diseased status The statistical discrimination between infected and healthy sites was evaluated, at the genus or higher taxonomic level, by Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) effect Size (LEfSE) (p-value < 0.05, LDA = 3.0) 45 different taxa between infected and healthy sites are ranked by effect Size (LEfSE)(PDF 1924 KB)

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Barbagallo, G., Santagati, M., Guni, A. et al. Microbiome differences in periodontal, peri-implant, and healthy sites: a cross-sectional pilot study. Clin Oral Invest 26, 2771–2781 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04253-4

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