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The effect of obesity on periodontitis progression: the 10-year retrospective cohort study

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Abstract

Objective

Due to inconsistent findings in limited previous cohort studies, the aim of this study was to estimate the obesity effect on periodontitis progression in Thai adults.

Materials and methods

This 10-year retrospective cohort study comprised 2216 employees of the Electric Generation Authority of Thailand (EGAT). Their demographic, medical, and periodontal status was collected. Subjects with periodontitis progression were defined as having ≥ 2 teeth with progression. Additional proximal clinical attachment loss ≥ 3 mm or tooth loss with severe periodontitis at baseline were used to identify disease progression at the tooth level. Central obesity was classified using the waist-hip ratio. Multi-level Poisson regression was used to determine the effect of obesity on periodontitis progression by adjusting for age, sex, education, income, smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

Results

The cumulative incidence of periodontitis progression during the 10-year period was 59.6 cases per 100 persons (95% CI: 57.5, 61.6). The univariate analysis indicated that obese subjects had 15% higher risk of progression than that of healthy subjects. However, when confounders were analyzed simultaneously, the effect of obesity was not significant with a risk ratio of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.08).

Conclusions

Despite the higher incidence of disease progression in the obese, obesity is not an independent risk factor for periodontitis progression.

Clinical relevance

Obesity and periodontitis progression share many common risk factors. Using the obesity as a preliminary screening for periodontitis progression may be an alternative prevention protocol.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Assoc.Prof. Suphot Tamsailom and Assist.Prof. Kanoknadda Tavedhikul for their advice in study design and data interpretation, Dr. Kevin Tompkins for language editing, and Assoc.Prof. Kitti Torrungruang for periodontal data management in EGAT2/2. We also thank Nisakron Thongmung for organizing the survey and managing the medical data.

Funding

This research was financially supported by Chulalongkorn University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Apinun Charupinijkul, Sirikarn Arunyanak & Attawood Lertpimonchai

  2. Center of Excellence in Periodontal Disease and Dental Implant, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Sirikarn Arunyanak & Attawood Lertpimonchai

  3. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Sasivimol Rattanasiri

  4. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Prin Vathesatogkit

  5. Medical and Health Division, Electric Generation Authority of Thailand, Nonthaburi, Thailand

    Lalitsara Thienpramuk

Authors
  1. Apinun Charupinijkul
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Contributions

Apinun Charupinijkul, Sirikarn Arunyanak and Attawood Lertpimonchai made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study. Prin Vathesatogkit, Sirikarn Arunyanak, Attawood Lertpimonchai, and Lalitsara Thienpramuk performed the field survey and data collection. Apinun Charupinijkul, Sirikarn Arunyanak, Sasivimol Rattanasiri, and Attawood Lertpimonchai performed data analysis and data interpretation. Apinun Charupinijkul, Sirikarn Arunyanak, and Attawood Lertpimonchai drafted the article and critical revision critically. All authors have given final approval of the version to be published.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Attawood Lertpimonchai.

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Ethics approval

The study protocol was approved by The Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University (HREC-DCU 2020–019).

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Informed consent was obtained from every subject in the study.

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The authors declares no competing interests.

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Charupinijkul, A., Arunyanak, S., Rattanasiri, S. et al. The effect of obesity on periodontitis progression: the 10-year retrospective cohort study. Clin Oral Invest 26, 535–542 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04031-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04031-2

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