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Biocompatibility, mechanical, and bonding properties of a dental adhesive modified with antibacterial monomer and cross-linker

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Abstract

Objectives

This study investigated the antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and mechanical properties of a dental adhesive modified with quaternary ammonium monomer ((2-acryloyloxyethyl)dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) and cross-linker (bis(2-acryloyloxyethyl)methyldodecylammonium bromide).

Materials and methods

Monomer (M), cross-linker (C), or a combination of these (M + C) were incorporated into adhesive Adper Single Bond Plus (SB) in 5, 10, or 25% (as wt%). A colony-forming unit and MTT assays were used to evaluate antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans and cell viability. Resin-dentin beams (0.9 ± 0.1 mm2) were evaluated for micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) after 24 h, 6 months, and 3 years. Hourglass specimens were evaluated for ultimate tensile strength (UTS) after 24 h, 1 week, and 6 months. Micro-hardness measurements after softening in ethanol were taken as an indirect assessment of the polymer cross-linking density. Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Student’s t test were used for analysis of the antibacterial, cytotoxicity, μTBS, UTS, and hardness data, all with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results

10%M and 25%M demonstrated a significant reduction in S. mutans relative to SB (p < 0.001). No differences in cytotoxicity were detected for any of the groups. After 6 months, no changes in μTBS were shown for any of the groups. After 3 years, all groups evidenced a significant decrease in μTBS (p < 0.05) except 5%M, 5%C, and 5%M + 5%C. All groups demonstrated either stable or significantly increased UTS after 6 months. Except for the cross-linker groups, a significant decrease in micro-hardness was shown for all groups after softening in ethanol (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

A 5–10% of monomer may render the resin antibacterial without a compromise to its mechanical and bonding properties.

Clinical relevance

Biomodification of a resin adhesive with an antibacterial monomer and cross-linker may help improve the life span of adhesive restorations.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Mr. Peter Bush, Mr. Stephen Vanyo, and Mr. Steve Makowka for their assistance with SEM, MTT assay, and hardness testing, respectively and Dr. Stefan Ruhl for donating the cells for the antibacterial study. This paper is based on the thesis dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Sciences in Forensic Science in the Chemistry Department of Buffalo State College at SUNY (thesis major advisor: Associate Professor Camila Sabatini).

Funding

This work was supported by the Innovative Micro-Programs Accelerating Collaboration in Themes (IMPACT) award from the University at Buffalo to Dr. Camila Sabatini.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Buffalo State College, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY, 14222, USA

    Hoda Moussa

  2. Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA

    Megan M. Jones & Michelle B. Visser

  3. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering, University at Buffalo, Furnas Hall, #310, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA

    Ningbo Huo, Runsheng Zhang, Mayuresh Keskar, Mark T. Swihart & Chong Cheng

  4. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 215 Squire Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA

    Camila Sabatini

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  1. Hoda Moussa
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Moussa, H., Jones, M.M., Huo, N. et al. Biocompatibility, mechanical, and bonding properties of a dental adhesive modified with antibacterial monomer and cross-linker. Clin Oral Invest 25, 2877–2889 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03605-w

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