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Adipokines and periodontal markers as risk indicators of early rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Objective

To establish the association between adipokine levels and markers of periodontal involvement as risk indicators of early stages of RA (eRA) and the interaction between the presence of markers of periodontal disease with adipokine in eRA individuals.

Materials and methods

Fifty-one patients with a diagnosis of eRA and 51 healthy controls matched for age and sex were studied. Clinical joint condition, clinical and serological markers of disease activity, serum adipokine levels (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, adipsin, vaspin, and IL-6), periodontal diagnosis, presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, and related IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were evaluated. Comparisons were made between eRA and healthy controls for periodontal indicators and adipokines. A subgroup analysis was realized with a non-conditional logistic regression to establish the association between the levels of leptin in individuals with eRA and controls according to the periodontal condition, presence of P. gingivalis, or high titers of IgG antibodies against P. gingivalis.

Results

The condition of overweight or obesity is associated with the diagnosis of eRA (p = 0.05), and these individuals also have higher levels of leptin (p = 0.001) and vaspin (p = 0.007). Higher frequency of P. gingivalis (p = 0.001) was found in the eRa group. Individuals with eRA with higher IgG2 titers against P. gingivalis had higher levels of leptin (OR: 1.66 (CI 95% 1.01–2.73)); however, individuals with periodontitis or P. gingivalis with eRA were associated with highest levels of leptin (OR: 1.86, CI 95% 1.19–24.3; and OR: 2.04, CI 95% 1.37–3 respectively).

Conclusions

eRA individuals have high levels of leptin and vaspin. However, the presence of periodontitis and related-periodontal disease markers showed an effect only in leptin levels in eRA individuals.

Clinical relevance

Emphasizing in personalized medicine, monitoring serum leptin levels and periodontitis markers can improve the early diagnosis of RA.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks are given to doctors Sebastian Giraldo and Andrea Chaparro for their clinical support and Alejandro Ramos for editing the manuscript.

Funding

This study was supported by the Administrative Department of Science, Technology, and Innovation-COLCIENCIAS (Grant No. 130865740792–2014), Hospital Militar Grant 2016–099, Fundación Instituto de Reumatología Fernando Chalem and Universidad El Bosque.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Dentistry, Unit of Basic Oral Investigation-UIBO, Universidad El Bosque, Universidad El Bosque Av. Cra. 9 #131A–02, Bogotá, Colombia

    Jacqueline Rodríguez & Gloria Inés Lafaurie

  2. School of Dentistry, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group/INMUBO, Universidad El Bosque, Universidad El Bosque Av. Cra. 9 #131A–02, Bogotá, Colombia

    Jacqueline Rodríguez, Wilson Bautista-Molano, Lorena Chila-Moreno & Consuelo Romero-Sánchez

  3. School of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Group, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada/Hospital Militar Central, Transversal 3ª #49-00, Bogotá, Colombia

    Wilson Bautista-Molano

  4. Hospital Militar Central, Rheumatology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Clinical Immunology Group, Transversal 3ª #49-00, Bogotá, Colombia

    Juan Manuel Bello-Gualtero & Consuelo Romero-Sánchez

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  1. Jacqueline Rodríguez
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  2. Gloria Inés Lafaurie
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Correspondence to Consuelo Romero-Sánchez.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, code HMC 2016–041 and HMC 2016–099.

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Rodríguez, J., Lafaurie, G.I., Bautista-Molano, W. et al. Adipokines and periodontal markers as risk indicators of early rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Invest 25, 1685–1695 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03469-0

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