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Titanium abutment surface modifications and peri-implant tissue behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of various titanium abutment modifications on the behaviour of peri-implant soft tissue healing, inflammation and maintenance.

Material and methods

An electronic database research until 30 April 2019 was performed. A meta-analysis (MA) for each outcome parameter was performed by using the random-effects models with the DerSimonian-Laird estimator.

Results

Ten studies were included in the present review. Four studies with a long follow-up (5–6 years) reported the outcomes in a heterogeneous way and were suitable for MA. Six studies (4 RCT, 2 CCT) including 118 patients and 182 implants dealing with a modified healing abutment surface and short follow-up were selected for MA. The MA for PI and BoP as outcome showed no significant differences between surfaces (PI: P = 0.091; BoP: P = 0.099). The MA for PD as outcome showed no significant differences between surfaces (P = 0.488). No statistical significance was found by evaluating each mixed-effects model for potential moderators (type of study, study design, number of implants, follow-up length). The other four studies with a longer follow-up (5–6 years) reported contradictory results depending on the surface treatment investigated.

Conclusions

Within their limits, the present findings suggest that peri-implant soft tissue may not be affected by the surface treatment of titanium abutments on the short term. Contrasting results are reported in longer follow-up periods depending on the technique used to modify the abutment.

Clinical relevance

Clinicians should carefully evaluate the use of a modified titanium surface in their practice. Even if no differences in terms of inflammation are present at short term, these findings need to be validated in long-term studies.

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Funding

This study was self-supported.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Private Practice, Rome, Italy

    Luigi Canullo

  2. Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Maria Menini, Gregorio Santori & Paolo Pesce

  3. University Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Mia Rakic

  4. Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Anton Sculean

Authors
  1. Luigi Canullo
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  2. Maria Menini
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  3. Gregorio Santori
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  4. Mia Rakic
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  5. Anton Sculean
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  6. Paolo Pesce
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luigi Canullo.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. All procedures performed in the included studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Canullo, L., Menini, M., Santori, G. et al. Titanium abutment surface modifications and peri-implant tissue behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Invest 24, 1113–1124 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03210-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03210-x

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