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Second primary tumors in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a series of 33 cases

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Abstract

Objectives

To describe the number of second primary malignancies in a series of 33 patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), detailing the mean time between primary malignancies and their clinical characteristics.

Materials and methods

Two groups of patients were included in this study: group 1 comprised 33 PVL patients who had developed ≥ 2 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and group 2 comprised 48 PVL patients without malignant degeneration. We compared the groups with regard to age, gender, oral location, and number of oral sites affected. For patients in group 1, we determined the locations, clinical forms, and TNM stages of oral cancers. We also recorded the intervals of time between instances of oral cancer for all patients.

Results

The groups did not differ significantly in age; however, group 1 included more women (p < 0.05). The follow-up period and number of oral PVL locations were greater in group 1 (p < 0.01). Moreover, in group 1, as the number of OSCCs increased, the intervals between them became shorter. The gingiva was the most common site. The mean number of cancers in group 1 was 3.15; five second primary tumors were diagnosed in one patient.

Conclusions

Multiple cancers in PVL patients were more frequently located on the gingiva in the form of erythroleukoplastic areas. In addition, the interval between new cancers decreased over time.

Clinical relevance

This is the series with the highest number of cases described with second primary tumors in PVL.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chairman Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Oral Medicine, University General Hospital and Valencia University, Valencia, Spain

    Jose Bagan

  2. Head Section. Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Service. University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain

    Judith Murillo-Cortes

  3. Consultant in Stomatology. Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Service. University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain

    Rafael Poveda-Roda

  4. Consultant in Maxillofacial Surgery. Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Oral Medicine. University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain

    Manuel Leopoldo-Rodado

  5. Oral Medicine, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain

    Leticia Bagan

Authors
  1. Jose Bagan
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  2. Judith Murillo-Cortes
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  3. Rafael Poveda-Roda
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  4. Manuel Leopoldo-Rodado
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  5. Leticia Bagan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jose Bagan.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Valencia University (Ref H1537516115407).

Informed consent

For this type of study, formal consent is not required according to the ethics committee of Valencia University. This is a retrospective cohort study and some of the patients have already died by their cancer.

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Bagan, J., Murillo-Cortes, J., Poveda-Roda, R. et al. Second primary tumors in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a series of 33 cases. Clin Oral Invest 24, 1963–1969 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03059-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03059-9

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