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Fracture load of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses compared with milled and conventionally fabricated ones: the impact of resin material, build direction, post-curing, and artificial aging—an in vitro study

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Abstract

Objective

To investigate the impact of 3D print material, build direction, post-curing, and artificial aging on fracture load of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs).

Materials and methods

Three-unit FDPs were 3D-printed using experimental resin (EXP), NextDent C&B (CB), Freeprint temp (FT), and 3Delta temp (DT). In the first part, the impacts of build direction and artificial aging were tested. FDPs were manufactured with their long-axis positioned either occlusal, buccal, or distal to the printer’s platform. Fracture load was measured after artificial aging (H2O: 21 days, 37 °C). In the second part, the impact of post-curing was tested. FDPs were post-cured using Labolight DUO, Otoflash G171, and LC-3DPrint Box. While the positive control group was milled from TelioCAD (TC), the negative control group was fabricated from a conventional interim material Luxatemp (LT). The measured initial fracture loads were compared with those after artificial aging. Each subgroup contained 15 specimens. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffé post hoc test, t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). The univariate ANOVA with partial eta squared (ηP2) was used to analyze the impact of test parameters on fracture load.

Results

Specimens manufactured with their long-axis positioned distal to the printer’s platform showed higher fracture load than occlusal ones (p = 0.049). The highest values were observed for CB, followed by DT (p < 0.001). EXP showed the lowest values, followed by FT (p < 0.001). After artificial aging, a decrease of fracture load for EXP (p < 0.001) and DT (p < 0.001) was observed. The highest impact on values was exerted by interactions between 3D print material and post-curing unit (ηP2 = 0.233, p < 0.001), followed by the 3D print material (ηP2 = 0.219, p < 0.001) and curing device (ηP2 = 0.108, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Build direction, post-curing, artificial aging, and material have an impact on the mechanical stability of printed FDPs.

Clinical relevance

The correct post-curing strategy is mandatory to ensure mechanical stability of 3D-printed FDPs. Additively manufactured FDPs are more prone to artificial aging than conventionally fabricated ones.

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Funding

The work was supported by the Department of Conservative Dentistry and the Department of Prosthodontics of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany

    Marcel Reymus, Andreas Keßler & Reinhard Hickel

  2. Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany

    Rosalie Fabritius, Daniel Edelhoff & Bogna Stawarczyk

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  1. Marcel Reymus
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  2. Rosalie Fabritius
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  3. Andreas Keßler
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  4. Reinhard Hickel
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  6. Bogna Stawarczyk
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Correspondence to Marcel Reymus.

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Reymus, M., Fabritius, R., Keßler, A. et al. Fracture load of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses compared with milled and conventionally fabricated ones: the impact of resin material, build direction, post-curing, and artificial aging—an in vitro study. Clin Oral Invest 24, 701–710 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02952-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02952-7

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