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Severity of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions is associated with anxiety

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Abstract

Objectives

Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) are chronic inflammatory diseases whose symptoms can impair patient’s quality of life (QoL). Psychological factors seem to play an important role in these diseases. This study aimed to determine the impact of oral health and anxiety levels on the QoL of patients with OLP and OLL.

Patients and methods

This was a cross-sectional study composed of OLP and OLL patients and a control group matched by age and sex with no autoimmune/inflammatory or malignant oral lesions. Anxiety levels and oral health impact on QoL were assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), respectively. The instruments were filled through personal interview before starting the treatment for oral lesions.

Results

A total of 87 patients diagnosed with OLP (n = 45) and OLL (n = 42), and 87 controls were included in the study. Statistical differences were observed for the psychic and somatic anxiety dimensions between severities of diseases. Patients with OLP or OLL had higher scores for the OHIP-14 dimensions physiological discomfort and social limitation compared with controls. In addition, higher scores for physical pain, physical disability, social disability, and handicap were detected among patients with greater severity.

Conclusion

Greater severity of OLP and OLL seems to be associated with increased levels of anxiety, higher scores of oral health impact profile, and decreased QoL.

Clinical relevance

Patients with severe OLP/OLL may benefit from additional therapeutic treatments, such as psychological and/or psychiatric management, concomitant to treatment specific to oral lesions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank all of the investigators involved in this study, in particular Dr. Laura Cavalcanti de Oliveira, Dr. Laura de Almeida Costa, Dr. Leandro Dorigan de Macedo, and Dr. Marlívia Gonçalves de Carvalho Watanabe for assisting with patients’ examinations and Prof. Maria José Alves da Rocha for contributing with the study design. We are grateful to all patients who volunteered to participate in the study.

Funding

The work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation–FAPESP (Grant Nos.: 2014/11883-3 and 2014/14576-4). Matheus Shibakura was supported by an undergraduate scholarship from the Institutional Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program (Grant No.: 498/2018) and the Unified Scholarship Program from the University of São Paulo (Grant No.: 647/2018).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Miriane Lucindo Zucoloto and Matheus Eiji Warikoda Shibakura contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Miriane Lucindo Zucoloto

  2. Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, Division of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil

    Matheus Eiji Warikoda Shibakura, Jefferson Veronezi Pavanin, Fernanda Teixeira Garcia, Lara Maria Alencar Ramos Innocentini, Janaina Silva Martins Humberto & Ana Carolina Fragoso Motta

  3. Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil

    Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos & Aloizio Premoli Maciel

  4. Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Camila de Barros Gallo & Nathalia Vilela Souza

  5. Division of Dentistry and Stomatology, Ribeirão Preto Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Lara Maria Alencar Ramos Innocentini

Authors
  1. Miriane Lucindo Zucoloto
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Contributions

M.L.Z., M.E.W.S., and J.V.P. contributed to the study design, sample analyses, and interpretation of data and drafted the manuscript; F.T.G., P.S.S.S., A.P.M., C.B.G., N.V.S., and L.M.A.R.I. contributed to the clinical data and drafted the manuscript; J.S.M.H. and A.C.F.M. contributed to the study design and data analyses and drafted the manuscript; and all authors contributed to analysis and interpretation of data and critical review of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ana Carolina Fragoso Motta.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (CAAE No.: 33703114.8.0000.5419).

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Zucoloto, M.L., Shibakura, M.E.W., Pavanin, J.V. et al. Severity of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions is associated with anxiety. Clin Oral Invest 23, 4441–4448 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02892-2

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