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Early bone formation around immediately loaded implants with nanostructured calcium-incorporated and machined surface: a randomized, controlled histologic and histomorphometric study in the human posterior maxilla

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A Correction to this article was published on 18 September 2021

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Abstract

Objective

The aim of this randomized, controlled histologic/histomorphometric study was to compare the early bone formation around immediately loaded implants with nanostructured calcium-incorporated (NCI) and machined (MA) surface, placed in the human posterior maxilla.

Materials and methods

Fifteen fully edentulous patients (six males; nine females; mean age 57.9 ± 6.7 years) were selected for this study. Each patient was installed with two temporary transmucosal implants, with different surfaces: one NCI (test) and one MA (control) implant. All temporary implants were placed in the posterior maxilla, according to a split-mouth design, to help to support an interim complete maxillary denture. After 8 weeks, all temporary transmucosal implants were retrieved for histologic/histomorphometric evaluation. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) and the bone density (BD%) were calculated. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was used to evaluate differences (BIC%, BD%) between the surfaces. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

Results

Eight weeks after placement, 24 clinically stable implants (12 test, 12 control) were subjected to histologic/histomorphometric evaluation. In the MA implants, the histomorphometric evaluation revealed a mean BIC(±SD)% and BD(±SD)% of 21.2(±4.9)% and 29.8(±7.8)%, respectively. In the NCI implants, the histomorphometric analysis revealed a mean BIC(±SD)% and BD(±SD)% of 39.7(±8.7)% and 34.6(±7.2)%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the two surfaces with regard to BIC% (p < 0.001), while no significant difference was found with regard to BD% (p = 0.09).

Conclusions

The NCI surface seems to increase the peri-implant endosseous healing properties in the native bone of the posterior maxilla, under immediate loading conditions, when compared with the MA surface.

Clinical relevance

Under immediate loading conditions in the human posterior maxilla, the nanostructured calcium-incorporated surface has led to better histologic and histomorphometric results than the machined surface; therefore, the clinical use of implants with nanostructured calcium-incorporated surface may be beneficial in the posterior maxilla, under immediate loading protocol.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, Dental School, University of Varese, 21100, Varese, Italy

    Francesco Guido Mangano

  2. Piazza Trento 4, 22015, Gravedona, Como, Italy

    Francesco Guido Mangano

  3. Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti—Pescara, Chieti, Italy

    Giovanna Iezzi

  4. Department of Periodontology, Oral Implantology Clinic, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Jamil Awad Shibli & Jefferson Trabach Pires

  5. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples, Naples, Italy

    Giuseppe Luongo

  6. Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy

    Adriano Piattelli

  7. Department of Dental Sciences, University Vita Salute S. Raffaele, Milan, Italy

    Carlo Mangano

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  1. Francesco Guido Mangano
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  2. Giovanna Iezzi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francesco Guido Mangano.

Ethics declarations

The Institutional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Guarulhos University (CEP #201/03) approved the protocol of the present study, which was conducted according to the principles outlined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki on experimentation involving human subjects, as revised in 2008.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This work has not received any funding.

Ethical approval

All procedures involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Mangano, F.G., Iezzi, G., Shibli, J.A. et al. Early bone formation around immediately loaded implants with nanostructured calcium-incorporated and machined surface: a randomized, controlled histologic and histomorphometric study in the human posterior maxilla. Clin Oral Invest 21, 2603–2611 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2061-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2061-y

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