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Influence of mechanical compression on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts

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Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the changes in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs) and osteoblasts (HOBs) after the application of compressive force (CF) at two different strengths in vitro.

Materials and methods

HPdLF and HOB were exposed to CF with various strengths (5 and 10 %) using a Flexercell Compression Unit for 12 h in vitro. Viability was detected via 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and apoptosis rate by transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) was analyzed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tissue inhibition of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were quantified by an ELISA.

Results

Ten percent CF decreased viability, particularly in HOBs, but did not induce increased apoptosis. ALP gene expression increased the most after 5 % CF in HPdLFs and after 10 % CF in HOB. OCN was not affected by CF in either cell line. The highest RANKL/OPG ratio was measured after 5 % CF in both cell lines. OPN was upregulated in HOB by 5 %. HPdLFs showed an upregulation of MMP-8-synthesis and an increased MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio.

Conclusions

HOBs have a greater effect on bone remodeling through the upregulation of OPN, whereas HPdLFs facilitate orthodontic tooth movement by influencing the extracellular matrix via the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio.

Clinical relevance

High CF in orthodontics should be avoided to prevent tissue damage, whereas moderate CF enables active tissue remodeling and tooth movement.

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Jutta Bühler, Ute Zerfass, and Lotte Groothusen for excellent technical assistance. Special thanks to Kathrine Taylor for the language help and proofreading.

Compliance with ethical standards

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Funding

No funding has been received for this study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany

    L. Nettelhoff, S. Grimm, C. Jacobs & H. Wehrbein

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany

    C. Walter, A. M. Pabst & J. Goldschmitt

Authors
  1. L. Nettelhoff
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  2. S. Grimm
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  3. C. Jacobs
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  4. C. Walter
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  5. A. M. Pabst
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  6. J. Goldschmitt
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  7. H. Wehrbein
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Jacobs.

Additional information

L. Nettelhoff and S. Grimm contributed equally to this study.

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Nettelhoff, L., Grimm, S., Jacobs, C. et al. Influence of mechanical compression on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Clin Oral Invest 20, 621–629 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1542-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1542-0

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