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Gene array of primary human osteoblasts exposed to enamel matrix derivative in combination with a natural bone mineral

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Abstract

Objectives

The application of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) for regenerative periodontal surgery has been shown to promote formation of new cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. In intrabony defects with a complicated anatomy, the combination of EMD with various bone grafting materials has resulted in additional clinical improvements, but the initial cellular response of osteoblasts coming in contact with these particles have not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of EMD combined with a natural bone mineral (NBM) on a wide variety of genes, cytokines, and transcription factors and extracellular matrix proteins on primary human osteoblasts.

Material and methods

Primary human osteoblasts were seeded on NBM particles pre-coated with versus without EMD and analyzed for gene differences using a human osteogenesis gene super-array (Applied Biosystems). Osteoblast-related genes include those transcribed during bone mineralization, ossification, bone metabolism, cell growth and differentiation, as well as gene products representing extracellular matrix molecules, transcription factors, and cell adhesion molecules.

Results

EMD promoted gene expression of various osteoblast differentiation markers including a number of collagen types and isoforms, SMAD intracellular proteins, osteopontin, cadherin, alkaline phosphatase, and bone sialoprotein. EMD also upregulated a variety of growth factors including bone morphogenetic proteins, vascular endothelial growth factors, insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor, and their associated receptor proteins.

Conclusion

The results from the present study demonstrate that EMD is capable of activating a wide variety of genes, growth factors, and cytokines when pre-coated onto NBM particles.

Clinical relevance

The described in vitro effects of EMD on human primary osteoblasts provide further biologic support for the clinical application of a combination of EMD with NBM particles in periodontal and oral regenerative surgery.

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Conflicts of interest

This work was funded by the Department of Periodontology at the University of Bern, Geistlich Pharma AG (Wolhusen, Switzerland) and Institut Straumann AG (Basel, Switzerland). No other conflict of interest exists.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland

    Richard J. Miron, Dieter D. Bosshardt & Anton Sculean

  2. Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland

    Richard J. Miron, Dieter D. Bosshardt & Daniel Buser

  3. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People’s Republic of China

    Yufeng Zhang

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  1. Richard J. Miron
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  2. Dieter D. Bosshardt
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  4. Daniel Buser
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  5. Anton Sculean
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Correspondence to Anton Sculean.

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Miron, R.J., Bosshardt, D.D., Zhang, Y. et al. Gene array of primary human osteoblasts exposed to enamel matrix derivative in combination with a natural bone mineral. Clin Oral Invest 17, 405–410 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0742-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0742-0

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