Abstract
This study compared the staining potential of two experimental amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouth rinses (A and B), a phenolic/essential oil rinse (C) and a negative control, water, rinse (D). The study was a single centre, randomized, single-blind, four treatment crossover study design among healthy participants. Prior to each study period, participants received a dental prophylaxis. On the Monday of each period, subjects suspended oral hygiene, and under supervision, rinsed with the allocated mouth rinse immediately followed by a warm black tea solution at hourly intervals eight times a day for 4 days. On Friday, the area and intensity of staining on the teeth, the primary outcome measure and dorsum of tongue were assessed. This regimen was repeated for all the three subsequent treatment periods. Rinse B produced less stain than rinse A, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.20). Rinse B produced significantly more stain than rinse C (p < 0.05) and D (p < 0.001). For tongue staining, rinse B produced significantly more staining than D (p < 0.01) but not A or C. Overall, all test rinses produced more staining than placebo with an overall pattern for more staining with stannous formulations. Individuals using stannous or phenolic/essential oil mouth rinse formulations should be advised of the possible staining side effect and that this can be easily removed by a professional dental cleaning.
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Notes
Tea solution: the standard tea solution was prepared by immersing 3 g of tea leaves (Marks & Spencers’ Extra Strong Tea, Marks & Spencers, Reading, UK) in 100 ml of freshly boiled water for 5 min. Following stirring and passage through double layer gauze, the solution was stored for distribution at 50°C in thermos flasks.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Applied Clinical Research Group, School of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, for logistical support in running the clinical study. We are most grateful to GABA International AG, Grabetsmattweg, CH-4106 Therwil, Switzerland, for sponsorship of the study.
Conflicts of interest
None of the authors are aware of any conflicts of interest arising from conducting and reporting the findings of this study.
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West, N.X., Addy, M., Newcombe, R. et al. A randomised crossover trial to compare the potential of stannous fluoride and essential oil mouth rinses to induce tooth and tongue staining. Clin Oral Invest 16, 821–826 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-011-0560-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-011-0560-9