Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Decrease in the total antioxidant activity of saliva in patients with periodontal diseases

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study examined the role of free radical-induced tissue damage and the antioxidant defense mechanism of saliva in periodontal disease. Antioxidant activity of saliva was compared in 20 healthy individuals and 17 patients with periodontal diseases. We measured the scavenging capacity of saliva against free radicals generated in vitro by electrolysis, xanthine-xanthine oxidase, or stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Total protein content and total antioxidant activity of saliva were also determined. The results indicate that stimulated saliva of healthy individuals is significantly more effective (40–50%) than that of patients with periodontal diseases in scavenging a wide variety of free radicals generated in vitro. Under these conditions it appears that the total antioxidant activity of saliva is significantly decreased in these patients despite the fact that the levels of the three main antioxidants (uric acid, ascorbic acid, and albumin) are not significantly affected. We conclude that periodontal diseases are associated with an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the former due to both an increase in free radical production and a defect in the total antioxidant activity of saliva.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Battino M, Bullon P, Wilson M, Newman H (1999) Oxidative injury and inflammatory periodontal diseases: the challenge of antioxidants to free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 10:458–476

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Cadenas E (1989) Biochemistry of oxygen toxicity. Annu Rev Biochem 58:79–110

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Carlsson J (1987) Salivary peroxidase: an important part of our defence against oxygen toxicity. J Oral Pathol 16:412–416

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Chahine R, Mateescu MA, Roger S, de Champlain J, Nadeau R (1991) Protective effects of ceruloplasmin against electrolysis induced free radicals in isolated rat heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 69:1459–1465

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Chahine R, Nadeau R, Oliva D, Lockwell H (1994) Oxygen free radicals and myocardial nerve fibers endings. Exp Toxicol Pathol 46:403–408

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Charon JA, Joachim F, Champagne C, Tropier G, Capron A (1987) Effect of dental plaque on the oxidative metabolism of normal neutrophils. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2:92–96

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Chapple IL (1997) Reactive oxygen species and antioxydants in inflammatory diseases. J Clin Periodontol 24:287–296

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Guarnieri C, Zucchelli G, Bernardi F, Scheda M, Valentini AF, Calendriello M (1991) Enhanced superoxide production with no change of the antioxidant activity in gingivial fluid of patients with chronic adult periodontitis. Free Radic Res Commun 15:11–16

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Halliwell B (1994) Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: curiosity, cause or consequence. Lancet 344:721–724

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Halliwell B, Zhao K, Whiteman M (1999) Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. The ugly, the uglier and the not good: a personal view of recent controversies. Free Radic Res 31:651–669

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hartree EF (1972) Determination of protein: a modification of Lowery method that gives a linear photometric response. Anal Biochem 48:422–427

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hirayama O, Takagi M, Hukumoto K (1997) Evaluation of antioxidant activity by chemiluminescence. Anal Biochem 247:237–241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Jacobson MD (1996) Reactive oxygen species and programmed cell death. Trends Biochem Sci 21:83–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kimura S, Yonemura T, Kaya H (1993) Increased oxidative product formation by peripheral blood PMN leukocytes in human periodontal diseases. J Periodontal Res 28:197–203

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kondakova I, Lissi EA, Pizzarro M (1999) Total antioxidant potential in human saliva of smokers and non-smokers. Biochem Mol Biol Int 47:911–920

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lecours S, Chahine R, Rochette L, Nadeau R (1998) Demonstration of the production of oxygen free radicals during electrolysis. Free Radic Biol Med 24:573–579

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lynch E, Sheerin A, Claxon AW (1997) Multicomponent spectroscopic investigations of salivary antioxidant consumption by an oral rinse preparation containing the stable free radical species chlorine dioxide (ClO2). Free Radic Res 26:209–234

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. McCord JM (1993) Human disease, free radicals, and the oxidant/antioxidant balance. Clin Biochem 26:351–357

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Moore S, Calder KA, Miller NJ, Rice-Evans C (1994) Antioxidant activity of saliva and periodontal diseases. Free Radic Res 21:417–425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Shapira L, Borinski R, Sela MN, Soskolne A (1991) Superoxide formation and chemiluminescence of peripheral polymorphonuclear leucocytes in rapid progressive periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 18:44–48

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Waddington RJ, Moseley R, Embery G (2000) Reactive oxygen species: a potential role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Oral Dis 6:138–151

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Zappacosta B, Persichili S, De Sole P (1999) Effect of smoking one cigarette on antioxidant metabolite in the saliva of healthy smokers. Arch Oral Biol 44:485–488

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to the assistance of Prof. S. Shamat in the preparation of the manuscript and Mrs. Suzanne Lapointe for her technical assistance. The work was partially supported by grants from the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, BP 55564 Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Randa Diab-Ladki

  2. Biochemistry Laboratory, UFR Odontology, René Descartes Paris V University, Paris, France

    Bernard Pellat

  3. Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, BP 55564, Beirut, Lebanon

    Ramez Chahine

Authors
  1. Randa Diab-Ladki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bernard Pellat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ramez Chahine
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ramez Chahine.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Diab-Ladki, R., Pellat, B. & Chahine, R. Decrease in the total antioxidant activity of saliva in patients with periodontal diseases. Clin Oral Invest 7, 103–107 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-003-0208-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-003-0208-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation