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Di- and polynuclear silver(I) saccharinate complexes of tertiary diphosphane ligands: synthesis, structures, in vitro DNA binding, and antibacterial and anticancer properties

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Abstract

A series of new silver(I) saccharinate (sac) complexes, [Ag2(sac)2(μ-dppm)H2O]·H2O (1), {[Ag2(μ-sac)2(μ-dppe)]·3H2O·CH2Cl2} n (2), [Ag2(μ-sac)2(μ-dppp)] n (3), and [Ag(sac)(μ-dppb)] n (4) [dppm is 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, dppe is 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppp is 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, and dppb is 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane], have been synthesized and characterized by C, H, N elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis. Single-crystal X-ray studies show that the diphosphanes act as bridging ligands to yield a dinuclear complex (1) and one-dimensional coordination polymers (2 and 4), whereas the sac ligand adopts a μ2-N/O bridging mode in 2, and is N-coordinated in 1 and 4. The interaction of the silver(I) complexes with fish sperm DNA was investigated using UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and agarose gel electrophoresis. The binding studies indicate that the silver(I) complexes can interact with fish sperm DNA through intercalation, and complexes 1 and 3 have the highest binding affinity. The gel electrophoresis assay further confirms the binding of the complexes with the pBR322 plasmid DNA. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the complexes indicate that complex 1 exhibits very high antibacterial activity against standard bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus, being much higher than those of AgNO3, silver sulfadiazine, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. Moreover, complexes 1–3 exhibit very high cytotoxic activity against A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, compared with AgNO3 and cisplatin. The bacterial and cell growth inhibitions of the silver(I) complexes are closely related to their DNA binding affinities.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support received from Uludag University [project UAP(F)-2011/36] is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey

    Veysel T. Yilmaz, Elif Gocmen & Ceyda Icsel

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey

    Murat Cengiz

  3. Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey

    Sunde Y. Susluer

  4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey

    Orhan Buyukgungor

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  1. Veysel T. Yilmaz
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Yilmaz, V.T., Gocmen, E., Icsel, C. et al. Di- and polynuclear silver(I) saccharinate complexes of tertiary diphosphane ligands: synthesis, structures, in vitro DNA binding, and antibacterial and anticancer properties. J Biol Inorg Chem 19, 29–44 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-013-1052-y

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