Abstract
Streptococcus suis Dpr belongs to the Dps family of bacterial and archaeal proteins that oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+ to protect microorganisms from oxidative damage. The oxidized iron is subsequently deposited as ferrihydrite inside a protein cavity, resulting in the formation of an iron core. The size and the magnetic properties of the iron core have attracted considerable attention for nanotechnological applications in recent years. Here, the magnetic and structural properties of the iron core in wild-type Dpr and four cavity mutants were studied. All samples clearly demonstrated a superparamagnetic behavior in superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy compatible with that of superparamagnetic ferrihydrite nanoparticles. However, all the mutants exhibited higher magnetic moments than the wild-type protein. Furthermore, measurement of the iron content with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed a smaller amount of iron in the iron cores of the mutants, suggesting that the mutations affect nucleation and iron deposition inside the cavity. The X-ray crystal structures of the mutants revealed no changes compared with the wild-type crystal structure; thus, the differences in the magnetic moments could not be attributed to structural changes in the protein. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements showed that the coordination geometry of the iron cores of the mutants was similar to that of the wild-type protein. Taken together, these results suggest that mutation of the residues that surround the iron storage cavity could be exploited to selectively modify the magnetic properties of the iron core without affecting the structure of the protein and the geometry of the iron core.
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Abbreviations
- Dps:
-
DNA-binding protein from starved cells
- EXAFS:
-
Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
- FC:
-
Field-cooled
- FOC:
-
Ferroxidase center
- ICP-MS:
-
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- SQUID:
-
Superconducting quantum interference device
- SsDpr:
-
Streptococcus suis Dps-like peroxide resistance protein
- ZFC:
-
Zero-field-cooled
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Academy of Finland (grants 121278 and 114100) and Turku University Foundation. The authors are grateful to SSRL for providing beam time and to Erik Nelson and colleagues for their excellent support during the beam time. We also thank Paul Ek for the ICP-MS measurements. Access to EMBL Hamburg (c/o DESY) was provided by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No. 226716.
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Haikarainen, T., Paturi, P., Lindén, J. et al. Magnetic properties and structural characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles formed by Streptococcus suis Dpr and four mutants. J Biol Inorg Chem 16, 799–807 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-011-0781-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-011-0781-z