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Psychische Begleiterkrankungen beim Knochen- und Weichteilsarkom

Comorbid mental disorders in bone and soft tissue sarcoma

  • Psychoonkologie
  • Published:
Der Onkologe Aims and scope

Abstract

Hintergrund

Sarkome umfassen eine seltene und histologisch heterogene Gruppe solider maligner Tumoren. Patienten mit Sarkom sind eine bisher vergleichsweise wenig untersuchte Patientengruppe.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über psychische Komorbiditäten von Patienten mit Knochen- und Weichteilsarkom.

Material und Methoden

Im Rahmen des Artikels wurde eine umfassende Literaturrecherche zum Thema psychische Komorbiditäten und emotionale Belastungen beim Sarkom durchgeführt und narrativ zusammengefasst. Dabei wurden auch entsprechende Determinanten sowie mögliche Ursachen berücksichtigt. Darüber hinaus werden Möglichkeiten zur Nutzung von „patient-reported outcomes“ (PRO, Therapiebeurteilungen aus Patientensicht) zur Identifizierung psychischer Komorbiditäten diskutiert.

Ergebnisse

Bei Patienten mit Sarkom zeigen sich deutlich erhöhte psychosoziale Belastungen und psychische Komorbiditäten bei Diagnosestellung, während der Therapie und im weiteren Lebensverlauf. Besonders häufig werden dabei Depressionen (Prävalenz: 23–30%) und Angststörungen (Prävalenz: 13–19%) beschrieben. Zudem sind Sarkompatienten bereits vor der Diagnosestellung häufiger von psychischen Erkrankungen betroffen als krebsfreie Personen. Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität sind insbesondere unmittelbar bei Diagnosestellung und während der Therapie häufig.

Schlussfolgerung

Zur frühzeitigen Identifikation und Behandlung von psychischen Begleiterkrankungen sollten Patienten mit Sarkom sorgfältig und regelmäßig bezüglich emotionaler Belastungen und psychischer Erkrankungsmuster gescreent werden. Außerdem sollte eine adäquate psychoonkologische Betreuung sichergestellt sein. Die routinemäßige Erfassung und Integration von PRO in den Versorgungsalltag kann dabei zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Versorgung von Patienten mit Sarkomerkrankungen führen.

Abstract

Background

Sarcomas comprise a rare and histologically heterogeneous group of solid malignant tumors. Studies on patients with sarcoma are comparatively rare.

Objectives

This publication provides an overview of comorbid mental disorders in patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma.

Materials and methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on psychological comorbidities and emotional burden in patients with sarcoma. Furthermore, relevant determinants and possible causes were considered. All results were narratively summarized. Possibilities for using patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessments to identify mental disorders were discussed.

Results

Patients with sarcoma exhibit significantly increased psychosocial burdens and mental disorders at diagnosis, during treatment, and in further life. Depression (prevalence: 23–30%) and anxiety disorders (prevalence: 13–19%) are particularly common. Even before diagnosis, patients with sarcoma are affected by mental disorders significantly more often than cancer-free controls. Impairments to quality of life are common at diagnosis and during treatment.

Discussion

To ensure early identification and adequate treatment of psychological comorbidities, sarcoma patients should undergo regular comprehensive screening for emotional distress and mental disease patterns. Furthermore, adequate psycho-oncological treatment has to be ensured. Routine assessment of PRO and implementation within clinical routine care can contribute to a considerable improvement in sarcoma care.

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Correspondence to Freya Trautmann MSc.

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F. Trautmann, L. Hentschel und J. Schmitt geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Trautmann, F., Hentschel, L. & Schmitt, J. Psychische Begleiterkrankungen beim Knochen- und Weichteilsarkom. Onkologe 24, 247–252 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-017-0298-3

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