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CUP – Internistische Therapie bei ungünstigem Risikoprofil

CUP – Systemic treatment in patients with unfavourable prognostic factors

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Zusammenfassung

Seit Ende der 1990er Jahre besteht eine Übereinkunft in der Onkologie, bestimmte Tumorsituationen nicht als CUP einzuordnen, sondern spezifisch zu behandeln, selbst wenn der Primarius mit moderner Diagnostik bildgebend und histologisch nicht zu sichern ist. Ferner sehen es viele Experten als sinnvoll an, CUP-Studien zum Zweck der Vergleichbarkeit auf Patienten mit Adenokarzinom und undifferenziertem Karzinom zu beschränken. Eine aktuelle bevölkerungsbasierte Analyse aus Schweden bestätigt, dass ein solches Vorgehen sinnvoll ist. Der folgende Beitrag definiert Patienten mit ungünstigem Risikoprofil bei CUP als Patienten, für die keine Behandlungsmöglichkeit in Analogie einer metastasierten Erkrankung bei bekanntem Primarius gegeben ist. Methoden des molekularen Profiling von Tumoren werden diese Patientengruppe künftig möglicherweise immer weiter einengen.

Hinsichtlich Kombinationschemotherapie gilt heute eine platinhaltige Behandlung bei CUP als Standard. Als Kombinationspartner kommen ein Taxan oder Gemcitabin infrage. Für geeignete Patienten gibt es eine Indikation zur Zweilinientherapie. Zwei von 4 Studien wählten eine Kombination aus Oxaliplatin und Capecitabin, 2 weitere setzten platinfreie Kombinationen auf der Basis von Gemcitabin ein. Zielgerichtete Substanzen gegen molekulare Targets erscheinen gerade beim CUP erfolgversprechend. Therapien basieren z. B. auf Kombinationen aus dem VEGF-Inhibitor Bevacizumab und dem EGF-Rezeptor-Inhibitor Erlotinib sowie dem EGF-Rezeptor-Antikörper Cetuximab.

Abstract

Since the end of the 1990s there has been concensus in oncology not to assign certain tumor situations to carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUP) but to use specific treatment even if the primary tumor could not be confirmed with modern imaging diagnostics. Furthermore, many experts consider that for comparative purposes it would make sense to limit CUP studies to patients with adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. A current population-based analysis from Sweden confirmed that such an approach makes sense. This article defines patients with an adverse risk profile with CUP as patients for whom no therapy options exist analogous to metastasized disease with a known primary tumor. Methods for molecular profiling of tumors can possibly be used in the future to narrow down this patient group.

With respect to combination therapy, treatment containing platinum is considered to be the gold standard with taxan or gemcitabin as the combination partner. For selected patients there are indications for second-line therapy. In two out of four studies a combination of oxaliplatin and capecitabin was selected and two used a platinum-free combination based on gemcitabin. Target-oriented substances against molecular targets seem to be especially promising for CUP. Therapy is based on combinations of the VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab and the EGF receptor inhibitor erlotinib as well as the EGF receptor antibody cetuximab.

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Stahl, M., Brücher-Encke, B. CUP – Internistische Therapie bei ungünstigem Risikoprofil. Onkologe 19, 29–35 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-012-2316-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-012-2316-9

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