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Rauchen und Krebs

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Onkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Das Inhalieren von Tabakrauch, besonders das Zigarettenrauchen, ist in den Industrieländern die häufigste Einzelursache für den Krebstod. Bei etwa 30% aller Krebserkrankungen besteht ein kausaler Zusammenhang zum Inhalieren von Tabakrauch. Bis zu 90% aller Karzinome der Organe, die direkt mit dem Tabakrauch in Kontakt kommen, wie die Mundhöhle, der Kehlkopf und die Lungen, haben ihre Ursache im Inhalieren von Tabakrauch. Aber auch in anderen Organen wie der Harnblase, der Niere, der Cervix uteri, dem Pankreas, dem Knochenmark und der weiblichen Brust entwickeln sich bei Rauchern und Raucherinnen in höherem Maße maligne Tumoren bzw. Systemerkrankungen als bei Nichtrauchern und Nichtraucherinnen. Für die durch Tabakrauchen induzierten Karzinome besteht eine eindeutige Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung. Bis zu 50 verschiedene Karzinogene wurden bisher im Tabakrauch identifiziert. Auch das passive Rauchen hat einen karzinogenen Effekt. So wird z. B. die Inzidenz des Bronchialkarzinoms um den Faktor 1,3 durch das Passivrauchen erhöht.

Abstract

Inhaling tobacco smoke, especially that of cigarettes, is the most common cause of death due to carcinoma. Of all malignant diseases, 30% originate from inhaling tobacco smoke. Up to 90% of carcinoma in organs having direct contact with tobacco smoke such as the oral cavity, larynx, and lungs are caused by inhaling tobacco smoke. However, also in other organs such as the bladder, kidneys, cervix uteri, pancreas, bone marrow, and female breast of smokers there is a higher likeliness of developing malignant tumors or systemic diseases than in nonsmokers. There is a clear relationship between the amount of tobacco inhaled and the systemic effect; so far 50 different cancer-causing substances have been detected in tobacco smoke. Also passive smoking has a cancer-causing effect, e.g., the incidence of bronchial carcinoma is elevated by 1.3 in passive smokers.

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  1. Abt. Innere Medizin—Onkologie, Internistische Onkologie der Thoraxtumoren–Thoraxchirurgie, Thoraxklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg

    P. Drings

  2. Abt. Innere Medizin—Onkologie, Internistische Onkologie der Thoraxtumoren—Thoraxchirurgie, Thoraxklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Amalienstraße 5, 69126, Heidelberg

    P. Drings

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Drings, P. Rauchen und Krebs. Onkologe 10, 156–165 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-003-0621-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-003-0621-z

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