Abstract
Depression, sleep disturbance, and vasomotor symptoms are common in breast cancer survivors (BCS), especially in younger women diagnosed before menopause. Risk factors and mechanisms for depression in this population are relatively unexplored. In 163 young BCS, vasomotor symptoms were significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms (β = 0.26, p = 0.001) and 64 % of the total effect was mediated through sleep disturbance (beta for specific indirect effect = 1.296, 95 % CI 0.591–2.212). Treatments reducing vasomotor symptoms might alleviate sleep disturbance and depression in this population.
References
Avis NE, Levine B, Naughton MJ, Case LD, Naftalis E, Van Zee KJ (2013) Age-related longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms following breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat 139(1):199–206. doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2513-2
Bordeleau L, Pritchard K, Goodwin P, Loprinzi C (2007) Therapeutic options for the management of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors: an evidence-based review. Clin Ther 29(2):230–241. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.01.006
Bromberger JT, Kravitz HM, Chang YF, Cyranowski JM, Brown C, Matthews KA (2011) Major depression during and after the menopausal transition: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Psychol Med 41(09):1879–1888. doi:10.1017/S003329171100016X
DeSantis C, Ma J, Bryan L, Jemal A (2014) Breast cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 64(1):52–62. doi:10.3322/caac.21203
Ganz PA, Greendale GA, Petersen L, Kahn B, Bower JE (2003) Breast cancer in younger women: reproductive and late health effects of treatment. J Clin Oncol 21(22):4184–4193. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.04.196
Howard-Anderson J, Ganz PA, Bower JE, Stanton AL (2012) Quality of life, fertility concerns, and behavioral health outcomes in younger breast cancer survivors: a systematic review. J Natl Cancer Inst 104(5):386–405. doi:10.1093/jnci/djr541
Knobf MT (2006) The influence of endocrine effects of adjuvant therapy on quality of life outcomes in younger breast cancer survivors. Oncologist 11(2):96–110. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.11-2-96
Mann E, Smith MJ, Hellier J, Balabanovic JA, Hamed H, Grunfeld EA, Hunter MS (2012) Cognitive behavioural treatment for women who have menopausal symptoms after breast cancer treatment (MENOS 1): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 13(3):309–318. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70364-3
Mortimer J, Behrendt CE (2013) Severe menopausal symptoms are widespread among survivors of breast cancer treatment regardless of time since diagnosis. J Palliat Med 16(9):1130–1134. doi:10.1089/jpm.2012.0585
Preacher KJ, Hayes AF (2008) Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods 40(3):879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
Savard J, Simard S, Blanchet J, Ivers H, Morin CM (2001) Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for insomnia in the context of breast cancer. Sleep 24:583–904
Thurston RC, Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Sherwood A (2006) Association between hot flashes, sleep complaints, and psychological functioning among healthy menopausal women. Int J Behav Med 13(2):163–172
Thurston RC, Chang Y, Mancuso P, Matthews KA (2013) Adipokines, adiposity, and vasomotor symptoms during the menopause transition: findings from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Fertil Steril 100(3):793–800. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.005
Ventura EE, Ganz PA, Bower JE, Abascal L, Petersen L, Stanton AL, Crespi CM (2013) Barriers to physical activity and healthy eating in young breast cancer survivors: modifiable risk factors and associations with body mass index. Breast Cancer Res Treat 142(2):423–433. doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2749-x
Acknowledgments
This project was supported by funding from the Jonsson Cancer Center Foundation to Drs. Annette Stanton and Patricia Ganz. Additional funding from the National Institutes of Mental Health (T32MHI5750) was provided to Dr. Eynav Accortt. We thank the participants of this study for contributing to this research and increasing our knowledge about the experiences of younger women with breast cancer. We also want to acknowledge the support of the research team members, including Laura Petersen, Barbara Kahn-Mills, Sasha Sobolevsky, Liana Abascal, and Patricia Voege.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Accortt, E.E., Bower, J.E., Stanton, A.L. et al. Depression and vasomotor symptoms in young breast cancer survivors: the mediating role of sleep disturbance. Arch Womens Ment Health 18, 565–568 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-015-0504-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-015-0504-5