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Evaluation of magma mixing in the subvolcanic rocks of Ghansura Felsic Dome of Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex, eastern India

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Abstract

The subvolcanic rocks exposed in the Ghansura Felsic Dome (GFD) of the Bathani volcano-sedimentary sequence at the northern fringe of the Rajgir fold belt in the Proterozoic Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex preserves evidence of magma mixing and mingling in mafic (dolerite), felsic (microgranite) and intermediate (hybrid) rocks. Structures like crenulated margins of mafic enclaves, felsic microgranular enclaves and ocelli with reaction surfaces in mafic rocks, hybrid zones at mafic-felsic contacts, back-veining and mafic flows in the granitic host imply magma mingling phenomena. Textural features like quartz and titanite ocelli, acicular apatite, rapakivi and anti-rapakivi feldspar intergrowths, oscillatory zoned plagioclase, plagioclase with resorbed core and intact rim, resorbed crystals, mafic clots and mineral transporting veins are interpreted as evidence of magma mixing. Three distinct hybridized rocks have formed due to varied interactions of the intruding mafic magma with the felsic host, which include porphyritic diorite, mingled rocks and intermediate rocks containing felsic ocelli. Geochemical signatures confirm that the hybrid rocks present in the study area are mixing products formed due to the interaction of mafic and felsic magmas. Physical parameters like temperature, viscosity, glass transition temperature and fragility calculated for different rock types have been used to model the relative contributions of mafic and felsic end-member magmas in forming the porphyritic diorite. From textural and geochemical investigations it appears that the GFD was a partly solidified magma chamber when mafic magma intruded it leading to the formation of a variety of hybrid rock types.

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Acknowledgements

Constructive reviews by Erwan Hallot and an anonymous expert, and comments of journal editor Anton R. Chakhmouradian are gratefully acknowledged. A.S. acknowledges the CSIR grant vide Project no. 24(0317)/12/EMR-II, and B.G. acknowledges CSIR JRF/SRF fellowship no. 09/045(1146)/2011-EMR1.

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  1. Chatra Marg, Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Bibhuti Gogoi, Ashima Saikia & Talat Ahmad

  2. Rajabazar, Patna, 800020, India

    Mansoor Ahmad

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Correspondence to Ashima Saikia.

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Electronic supplementary material

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710_2017_540_MOESM1_ESM.eps

Total alkali versus silica plot (Middlemost <link rid="bib46">1994</link>) showing the geochemical nomenclature of the studied rocks of GFD. Symbols as in Fig. <link rid="fig5">5</link> (EPS 481 KB)

710_2017_540_MOESM2_ESM.eps

Fe2Si2O6-Mg2Si2O6-Ca2Si2O6 diagram (Morimoto et al. <link rid="bib48">1988</link>) showing the composition of pyroxene from the mafic end-member of GFD (EPS 630 KB)

710_2017_540_MOESM3_ESM.eps

Nomenclature of plagioclase occurring (a) in the mafic end-member; (b), (c) in the porphyritic diorite. Symbols represent: solid diamonds – compositions of plagioclase from the mafic rocks; solid circles – compositions of an individual plagioclase grain (rim–rim profile) from the porphyritic diorite; plus – compositions of an individual plagioclase grain (rim–rim profile) from the porphyritic diorite (EPS 658 KB)

710_2017_540_MOESM4_ESM.eps

Compositional profiles of two plagioclase grains from the porphyritic diorite (Sample R04). The compositional variability shown as a function of XCa content marks the disequilibrium growth of the mineral (see Supplementary Table <link rid="Sec30">3</link>) (EPS 2415 KB)

710_2017_540_MOESM5_ESM.eps

Amphibole compositions from the ARM shown in Fig. <link rid="fig3">3</link>d. Symbols represent: solid triangles - ARM exterior amphiboles; solid circles - ARM interior amphiboles (EPS 677 KB)

710_2017_540_MOESM6_ESM.eps

Nomenclature and classification of biotites from the (a) amphibole-biotite vein shown in Fig. <link rid="fig3">3</link>d; (b) felsic groundmass through which the amphibole-biotite vein is traversing; (c) porphyritic diorite. Symbols represent: solid diamonds - compositions of biotite from the amphibole-biotite vein; plus – compositions of biotite from the felsic groundmass through which the amphibole-biotite vein is traversing; solid circles – compositions of biotite from the porphyritic diorite (EPS 547 KB)

Representative EPMA analyses of pyroxene from the mafic end-member of GFD Wt. % oxide (DOCX 46 KB)

710_2017_540_MOESM8_ESM.docx

Representative EPMA analyses of feldspars from the (a) mafic end-member and (b) hybrid rock of GFD in Wt. % oxide. An = Anorthite, Ab = Albite, Or = Orthoclase (DOCX 27 KB)

710_2017_540_MOESM9_ESM.docx

Representative EPMA analyses of amphiboles from the mingled rocks of GFD displaying amphibole-rich microzones (ARM) (DOCX 16 KB)

710_2017_540_MOESM10_ESM.docx

Representative EPMA analyses of biotites from the (a) mingled rocks and (b) porphyritic diorites of GFD in Wt. %. (DOCX 19 KB)

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Gogoi, B., Saikia, A., Ahmad, M. et al. Evaluation of magma mixing in the subvolcanic rocks of Ghansura Felsic Dome of Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex, eastern India. Miner Petrol 112, 393–413 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-017-0540-0

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