Summary
This study reports the first documented occurrence of platinum group-minerals (PGM) in the vicinity of the Voisey’s Bay magmatic sulfide ore deposit. The PGM are present in a sulfide poor, hornblende gabbro dyke in the Southeast Extension Zone of the massive sulfide Ovoid deposit. The dyke has somewhat elevated concentrations of platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold (up to 1.95 g/t Pt, 1.41 g/t Pd, and 6.59 g/t Au), as well as Cu, Pb, Ag, Sn, Te, Bi and Sb. The PGM formed by magmatic processes and were little disturbed by subsequent infiltration of an externally-supplied hydrothermal fluid. To date, no similar PGM occurrences have been discovered in the Ovoid deposit itself.
Whole rock REE patterns indicate that the dyke is geochemically related to the main conduit troctolites, which carry the bulk of the massive sulfide mineralization at Voisey’s Bay. The PGE mineralization is Pt- and Pd-rich, where the Pt and Pd occur predominantly as discrete PGM with minor Pd in solid solution in galena (average=1.8 ppm) and pentlandite (average=2 ppm). The discrete PGM are predominantly hosted by disseminated base-metal sulfides (bornite, chalcopyrite, and galena) (56 vol%) and are associated with other precious metal minerals (13 vol%) with only ∼3 vol% of the PGM hosted by silicate minerals. In whole rock samples, the PPGE (Pt, Pd, and Rh) correlate with abundances of chalcopyrite, bornite, galena, and other precious metal minerals (PMM), whereas the IPGE (Ir, Ru, and Rh) correlate with pyrrhotite and pentlandite. There are no correlations of the PGE with chlorine. Lead isotope compositions of galena associated with the PGE mineralization in the Southeast Extension Zone are broadly similar to those for galena in the Ovoid. The lead isotope compositions are much different from those in the Voisey’s Bay Syenite, which is a potential external hydrothermal fluid source.
The observed Cu-rich, Pb-rich sulfide compositions and associated Pt-Pd-Au-Ag-Sn-Te-Bi-Sb assemblage in the dyke can be produced magmatically as late ISS differentiates (e.g., Prichard et al., 2004). Melting temperatures of the PGM are also consistent with a magmatic origin. Following crystallization of PGM from magmatic sulfide, an external REE-enriched hydrothermal fluid was introduced to the system, producing secondary amphibole and locally remobilizing the Pb and Sn from the sulfides hosting the PGM.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y Amelin C Li O Valayev AJ Naldrett (2000) ArticleTitleNd-Pb-Sr isotope systematics of crustal assimilation in the Voisey’s Bay and Mushuau intrusions, Labrador, Canada Econ Geol 95 815–830 Occurrence Handle10.2113/95.4.815
CR Bacon TH Druitt (1988) ArticleTitleCompositional evolution of the zoned calcalkaline magma chamber of Mount-Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon Contrib Mineral Petrol 98 224–256 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00402114
S-J Barnes E Makovicky M Makovicky J Rose-Hansen S Karup-Moller (1997) ArticleTitlePartition coefficients for Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ir between monosulfide solid solution and sulfide liquid and the formation of compositionally zoned Ni-Cu sulfide bodies by fractional crystallization of sulfide liquid Can J Earth Sci 34 366–374 Occurrence Handle10.1139/e17-032
Belincourt LE, Hummel HH, Skinner BJ (1981) Phases and phase relations of the platinum-group elements. In: Cabri LJ (ed) Platinum-group elements: mineralogy, geology, recovery. CIM Special Volume 23, pp 19–46
SL Bennett RD Heyding (1966) ArticleTitleArsenides of the transition metals. VIII: Some binary and ternary Group VIII diarsenides and their magnetic and electric properties Can J Chem 44 3017–3030 Occurrence Handle10.1139/v66-444
LJ Cabri (1973) ArticleTitleNew data on phase relations in the Cu-Fe-S system Econ Geol 68 443–454
LJ Cabri PJ Sylvester MN Tubrett A Peregoedova GJH Laflamme (2003) ArticleTitleComparison of LAM-ICP-MS and MICRO-PIXE results for palladium and rhodium in selected samples of Noril’sk and Talnakh sulfides Can Mineral 41 321–329 Occurrence Handle10.2113/gscanmin.41.2.321
Craig JR, Scott SD (1974) Sulfide phase equilibria. In: Ribbe P II (ed) Sulfide mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America Short Course Notes Volume 1, pp CS1–S110
DS Ebel AJ Naldrett (1996) ArticleTitleFractional crystallization of sulfide ore liquids at high temperature Econ Geol 91 607–621 Occurrence Handle10.2113/gsecongeo.91.3.607
RP Elliott (1965) Constitution of binary alloys, 1st supplement SeriesTitleMaterials Science and Engineering Series McGraw-Hill Book Co New York 877
RF Emslie MA Hamilton RJ Theriault (1994) ArticleTitlePetrogenesis of a mid-proterozoic anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) complex: isotopic and chemical evidence from the Nain plutonic suite Geology 102 539–558 Occurrence Handle10.1086/629697
Evans-Lamswood DM (1999) Physical and geometric controls on the distribution of magmatic and sulfide-bearing phases within the Voisey’s Bay nickel-copper-cobalt deposit, Voisey’s Bay, Labrador. Unpublished MSc thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 265 pp
DM Evans-Lamswood DP Butt RS Jackson DV Lee MG Muggridge RI Wheeler DHC Wilton (2000) ArticleTitlePhysical controls associated with the distribution of sulfides in the Voisey’s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit, Labrador Econ Geol 95 749–770 Occurrence Handle10.2113/95.4.749
ME Fleet SL Chryssoulis WE Stone CG Weisner (1993) ArticleTitlePartitioning of platinum-group elements and Au in the Fe-Ni-Cu-S system: experiments on the fractional crystallization of sulfide melt Contrib Mineral Petrol 115 36–44 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00712976
T Funck KE Louden ID Reid (2000) ArticleTitleWide-angle seismic imaging of a mesoproterozoic anorthosite complex: the Nain plutonic suite in Labrador, Canada J Geophys Res 105 25693–25707 Occurrence Handle10.1029/2000JB900237
VA Glebovitsky VS Semenov BV Belyatsky EV Koptev-Dvornikov NF Pchelintseva BS Kireev AB Koltsov (2001) ArticleTitleThe structure of the Lukkulaisvaara intrusion, Oulanka group, northern Karelia: petrological implications Can Mineral 39 607–637 Occurrence Handle10.2113/gscanmin.39.2.607
Hanley JJ (2005) The aqueous geochemistry of the platinum-group elements (PGE) in surficial, low-T hydrothermal and high-T magmatic-hydrothermal environments. In: Mungall JE (ed) Exploration for Platinum-group element deposits. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series Volume 34, pp 35–56
JJ Hanley JE Mungall (2003) ArticleTitleChlorine enrichment and hydrous alteration of the Sudbury Breccia hosting footwall Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization at the Fraser mine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada Can Mineral 41 857–881 Occurrence Handle10.2113/gscanmin.41.4.857
M Hansen K Anderko (1958) Constitution of binary alloys EditionNumber2 SeriesTitleMetallurgy and metallurgical Engineering Series McGraw-Hill Book Co New York 1305
JE Hawley RL Stanton (1962) ArticleTitleThe facts, the ores, their minerals, metals and distribution. In the Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and their origin Can Mineral 7 30–145
Huminicki MAE (2007) A comprehensive geological, petrological, and geochemical evaluation of the Voisey’s Bay Ni-Cu-Co sulfide deposit: an integration of empirical data and process mechanics. Unpublished PhD thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland (submitted)
C Li AJ Naldrett (1999) ArticleTitleGeology and petrology of the Voisey’s Bay intrusion: reaction of olivine with sulfide and silicate liquids Lithos 47 1–31 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00005-5
C Li PC Lightfoot Y Amelin AJ Naldrett (2000) ArticleTitleContrasting petrological and geochemical relationships in the Voisey’s Bay and Mushuau intrusions, Labrador, Canada: implications for ore genesis Econ Geol 95 771–799 Occurrence Handle10.2113/95.4.771
Lightfoot PC, Naldrett AJ (1999) Geological and geochemical relationships in the Voisey’s Bay intrusion, Nain plutonic suite, Labrador, Canada. Geological Association of Canada Short Course Notes Volume 13, pp 1–30
Makovicky E (2002) Ternary and quaternary phase systems with PGE. In: Cabri LJ (ed) The geology, geochemistry, mineralogy and beneficiation of platinum-group elements. CIM Special Volume 54, pp 131–176
WF McDonough S-S Sun (1995) ArticleTitleThe composition of the Earth Chem Geol 120 223–253 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4
D McKenzie RK O’Nions (1991) ArticleTitlePartial melt distributions from inversion of rare earth element concentrations J Petrol 32 1021–1091
WG Moffatt (1979) The handbook of binary phase diagrams, Vol. 3, and the index to binary phase collections EditionNumber1 General Electric Company Schenectady, New York
Mungall JE (2005) Magmatic geochemistry of the platinum-group elements. In Mungall JE (ed) Exploration for platinum-group element deposits. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series Volume 34, pp 1–34
AJ Naldrett (1969) ArticleTitleDiscussion of papers concerned with sulfide deposits Econ Geol Mon 4 359–365
AJ Naldrett (1981) ArticleTitleNickel sulfide deposits: classification, composition and genesis Econ Geol 75 628–685
AJ Naldrett (1989) Magmatic sulfide deposits. Oxford monographs on geology and geophysics, no. 14 Clarendon Press Oxford Press, New York, Oxford 186
Naldrett AJ (2004) Magmatic sulfide deposits: geology, geochemistry, and exploration. Springer-Verlag, 727 pp
AJ Naldrett JR Craig G Kullerud (1967) ArticleTitleThe central portion of the Fe-Ni-S system and its bearing on pentlandite exsolution in iron-nickel sulfide ores Econ Geol 62 826–847
AJ Naldrett EL Hoffman AH Green CL Chou FR Naldrett RA Alcock (1979) ArticleTitleThe compositions of Ni-sulfide ores, with particular reference to their content of PGE and Au Can Mineral 17 403–415
Naldrett AJ, Pessaran R, Asif M, Li C (1994) Compositional variation in the Sudbury ores and prediction of the proximity of footwall copper-PGE orebodies. In: Lightfoot PC, Naldrett AJ (eds) Proc. Sudbury-Noril’sk Symposium. Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 5, pp 133–143
AJ Naldrett M Asif S Krstic C Li (2000a) ArticleTitleThe Composition of mineralization at the Voisey’s Bay Ni-Cu sulfide deposit, with special reference to platinum-group elements Econ Geol 95 845–866 Occurrence Handle10.2113/95.4.845
AJ Naldrett J Singh S Krstic C Li (2000b) ArticleTitleThe mineralogy of the Voisey’s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit, northern Labrador, Canada: influence of oxidation state on textures and mineral compositions Econ Geol 95 889–900 Occurrence Handle10.2113/95.4.889
HM Prichard D Hutchinson PC Fisher (2004) ArticleTitlePetrology and crystallization history of multiphase sulfide droplets in a mafic dike from Uruguay: implications for the origin of Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide deposits Econ Geol 99 365–376 Occurrence Handle10.2113/99.2.365
AM Rawlings-Hinchey PJ Sylvester JS Myers GR Dunning J Kosler (2003) ArticleTitlePaleoproterozoic crustal genesis: calc-alkaline magmatism of the Torngat Orogen, Voisey’s Bay area, Labrador Precambr Res 125 55–85 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0301-9268(03)00077-9
NS Rudashevsky G Garuti JCØ Andersen YL Kretser VN Rudashevsky F Zaccarini (2002) ArticleTitleSeparation of accessory minerals from rocks and ores by hydroseparation (HS) technology: method and application to CHR-2 chromitite, Niquelandia, Brazil Trans Instit Min Metall Sect B (Appl J Earth Sci) 11 B87–B94
B Ryan (2000) ArticleTitleThe Nain-Churchill boundary and the Nain plutonic suite: a regional perspective on the geologic setting of the Voisey’s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit Econ Geol 95 703–724 Occurrence Handle10.2113/95.4.703
Ryan B (2002) Whole rock analyses and assays of rock samples from the mesoproterozoic Nain plutonic suite and the enclosing Archean and paleoproterozoic gneisses from the Voisey’s Bay – Konrad brook area of north-central. Labrador Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador Open File 014D/0283
FA Shunk (1969) Constitution of binary alloys, 2nd supplement SeriesTitleMaterials Science and Engineering Series McGraw-Hill Book Co New York 720
Todt W, Cliff RA, Hanser A, Hofmann AW (1996) Evaluation of a 202Pb–205Pb double spike for high precision lead isotope analysis. In: Basu A, Hart S (eds) Earth processes: reading the isotopic code. Geophysical Monograph 95. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp 429–437
Wood SE (2002) The aqueous geochemistry of the platinum-group elements with applications to ore deposits. In: Cabri LJ (ed) The geology, geochemistry, mineralogy and beneficiation of platinum-group elements, CIM Special Volume 54, pp 211–250
RE Zartman BR Doe (1981) ArticleTitlePlumbotectonics: the model Tectonophysics 75 135–162 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0040-1951(81)90213-4
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Author’s address: M. A. E. Huminicki, Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada A1B 3X5
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huminicki, M., Sylvester, P., Lastra, R. et al. First report of platinum-group minerals from a hornblende gabbro dyke in the vicinity of the Southeast Extension Zone of the Voisey’s Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit, Labrador. Mineralogy and Petrology 92, 129–164 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-007-0205-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-007-0205-5