Abstract
Under the effect of disturbances, like unbalanced stem, but also during normal development, poplar trees can develop a specific secondary xylem, called “tension wood” (TW), which is easily identifiable by the presence of a gelatinous layer in the secondary cell walls (SCW) of the xylem fibers. Since TW formation was mainly performed on 2-year-old poplar models, an in vitro poplar that produces gelatinous fibers (G-fibers) while offering the same experimental advantages as herbaceous plants has been developed. Using specific cell wall staining techniques, wood structural features and lignin/cellulose distribution were both detailed in cross-sections obtained from the curved stem part of in vitro poplars. A supposed delay in the SCW lignification process in the G-fibers, along with the presence of a G-layer, could be observed in the juvenile plants. Moreover, in this G-layer, the immunolabeling of various polymers carried out in the SCW of TW has allowed detecting crystalline cellulose, arabinogalactans proteins, and rhamnogalacturonans I; however, homogalacturonans, xylans, and xyloglucans could not be found. Interestingly, extensins were detected in this typical adaptative or stress-induced structure. These observations were corroborated by a quantitation of the immunorecognized polymer distribution using gold particle labeling. In conclusion, the in vitro poplar model seems highly convenient for TW studies focusing on the implementation of wall polymers that provide the cell wall with greater plasticity in adapting to the environment.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the National Institute of Research and Agronomy of Orléans (INRA, France) for providing the poplar clone, to S. Lhernould and G. Costa for their scientific and technical advice, to F. Lalloué for access to the cryostat of the “Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies” Laboratory at Limoges University (France), to P. Carles from the Electron Microscopy Department at the University of Limoges (France), and lastly to A. Cantereau for her contribution with the Confocal Microscopy, Image UP, University of Poitiers (France).
Funding
This research was supported by the Limousin Regional Council on behalf of R. Decou and by the PEIRENE EA7500 Laboratory (ex-LCSN - UPRES EA 1069).
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Decou, R., Labrousse, P., Béré, E. et al. Structural features in tension wood and distribution of wall polymers in the G-layer of in vitro grown poplars. Protoplasma 257, 13–29 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01416-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01416-9