Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (Eutypa dieback, esca and Botryosphaeria dieback) are caused by a complex of xylem-inhabiting fungi, which severely reduce yields in vineyards. Botryosphaeria dieback is associated with Botryosphaeriaceae. In order to develop effective strategies against Botryosphaeria dieback, we investigated the molecular basis of grapevine interactions with a virulent species, Neofusicoccum parvum, and a weak pathogen, Diplodia seriata. We investigated defenses induced by purified secreted fungal proteins within suspension cells of Vitis (Vitis rupestris and Vitis vinifera cv. Gewurztraminer) with putative different susceptibility to Botryosphaeria dieback. Our results show that Vitis cells are able to detect secreted proteins produced by Botryosphaeriaceae, resulting in a rapid alkalinization of the extracellular medium and the production of reactive oxygen species. Concerning early defense responses, N. parvum proteins induced a more intense response compared to D. seriata. Early and late defense responses, i.e., extracellular medium alkalinization, cell death, and expression of PR defense genes were stronger in V. rupestris compared to V. vinifera, except for stilbene production. Secreted Botryosphaeriaceae proteins triggered a high accumulation of δ-viniferin in V. vinifera suspension cells. Artificial inoculation assays on detached canes with N. parvum and D. seriata showed that the development of necrosis is reduced in V. rupestris compared to V. vinifera cv. Gewurztraminer. This may be related to a more efficient induction of defense responses in V. rupestris, although not sufficient to completely inhibit fungal colonization. Overall, our work shows a specific signature of defense responses depending on the grapevine genotype and the fungal species.
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Abbreviations
- qRT-PCR:
-
Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR
- SOD :
-
Superoxide dismutase
- STS1 :
-
Stilbene synthase 1
- PR1 :
-
Pathogenesis-related protein 1
- PR6 :
-
Pathogenesis-related protein 6
- PR10.1 :
-
Pathogenesis-related protein 10.1
- GLU :
-
Glucanase
- Chit4c :
-
Chitinase 4c
- GAPDH :
-
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- EF1α :
-
Elongation factor 1α
- PGIP :
-
Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein
- PIN :
-
Serine protease inhibitor
- MAMPs:
-
Microbe-associated molecular pattern
- PRRs :
-
Pattern recognition receptors
- MTI:
-
MAMP-triggered immunity
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- PR protein:
-
Pathogenesis-related protein
- HR :
-
Hypersensitive response
- LC-MS:
-
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- FW:
-
Fresh weight
- SAR:
-
Systemic acquired resistance
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Acknowledgements
E. Stempien PhD fellowship was financed by the Alsace Region (France) and CIVA (Conseil Interprofessionnel des Vins d’Alsace). V. rupestris cells were a kind gift of Pr. Peter Nick (Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany) and? trans-ε-viniferin which was kindly provided by Prof. Waffo-Téguo (University of Bordeaux). We are grateful to D. Merdinoglu and V. Dumas for taking samples of woods of V. vinifera cv Gewurztraminer and V. rupestris in INRA Colmar. This work has been supported by Interreg Rhin Supérieur projects “Bacchus” and “Vitifutur.”
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Stempien, E., Goddard, ML., Leva, Y. et al. Secreted proteins produced by fungi associated with Botryosphaeria dieback trigger distinct defense responses in Vitis vinifera and Vitis rupestris cells. Protoplasma 255, 613–628 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-017-1175-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-017-1175-z