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Comparison of headspace-oxylipin-volatilomes of some Eastern Himalayan mosses extracted by sample enrichment probe and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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Abstract

Mosses have an inherent adaptability against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Oxylipins, the volatile metabolites derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), play a key role in the chemical defence strategy of mosses. In the present study, a comparative survey of these compounds, including an investigation into their precursor fatty acids (FAs), was carried out for the first time on the mosses Brachymenium capitulatum (Mitt.) Paris, Hydrogonium consanguineum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Hilp., Barbula hastata Mitt., and Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. collected from the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity hotspot. Their headspace volatiles were sampled using a high-efficiency sample enrichment probe (SEP) and were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. FAs from neutral lipid (NL) and phospholipid (PL) fractions were also evaluated. Analysis of the oxylipin volatilome revealed the generation of diverse metabolites from C5 to C18, dominated by alkanes, alkenes, saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and cyclic compounds, with pronounced structural variations. The C6 and C8 compounds dominated the total volatilome of all the samples. Analyses of FAs from membrane PL and storage NL highlighted the involvement of C18 and C20 PUFAs in oxylipin generation. The volatilome of each moss is characterized by a ‘signature oxylipin mixture’. Quantitative differences in the C6 and C8 metabolites indicate their phylogenetic significance.

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Abbreviations

FA(s):

Fatty acid(s)

FAME(s):

Fatty acid methyl ester(s)

FFA(s):

Unesterified fatty acid(s)

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

HPTLC:

High-performance thin layer chromatography

HSV(s):

Headspace volatile(s)

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

MUFA(s):

Monounsaturated fatty acid(s)

NL(s):

Neutral lipid(s)

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

PL(s):

Phospholipid(s)

PtdCho:

Phosphatidylcholine

PtdEth:

Phosphatidyethanolamine

PUFA(s):

Polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)

RRt :

Relative retention time

SEP:

Sample enrichment probe

SFA(s):

Saturated fatty acid(s)

TAG(s):

Triacylglycerol(s)

TIC:

Total ion chromatogram

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Acknowledgments

The work was financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal (WB-DST). Instrumental support from the University Grants Commission–Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS) and the Department of Science and Technology–Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure in Higher Educational Institutions (DST-FIST), Government of India, are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are thankful to Dr. Md. Nihal Aziz and Ms. Pamela Saha, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah, for helping in the identification of the mosses. The authors thank those who have critically reviewed this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post Graduate Department of Botany, Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling, 734101, India

    Souvik Mitra

  2. Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa

    Barend V. Burger

  3. Department of Botany (Centre of Advanced Study), Chemical Signal and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Calcutta, 35-Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India

    Mousumi Poddar-Sarkar

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  1. Souvik Mitra
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  2. Barend V. Burger
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Correspondence to Mousumi Poddar-Sarkar.

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Mitra, S., Burger, B.V. & Poddar-Sarkar, M. Comparison of headspace-oxylipin-volatilomes of some Eastern Himalayan mosses extracted by sample enrichment probe and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Protoplasma 254, 1115–1126 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-016-1018-3

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