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The formation, function and fate of protein storage compartments in seeds

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Abstract

Seed storage proteins (SSPs) have been studied for more than 250 years because of their nutritional value and their impact on the use of grain in food processing. More recently, the use of seeds for the production of recombinant proteins has rekindled interest in the behavior of SSPs and the question how they are able to accumulate as stable storage reserves. Seed cells produce vast amounts of SSPs with different subcellular destinations creating an enormous logistic challenge for the endomembrane system. Seed cells contain several different storage organelles including the complex and dynamic protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) and other protein bodies (PBs) derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Storage proteins destined for the PSV may pass through or bypass the Golgi, using different vesicles that follow different routes through the cell. In addition, trafficking may depend on the plant species, tissue and developmental stage, showing that the endomembrane system is capable of massive reorganization. Some SSPs contain sorting signals or interact with membranes or with other proteins en route in order to reach their destination. The ability of SSPs to form aggregates is particularly important in the formation or ER-derived PBs, a mechanism that occurs naturally in response to overloading with proteins that cannot be transported and that can be used to induce artificial storage bodies in vegetative tissues. In this review, we summarize recent findings that provide insight into the formation, function, and fate of storage organelles and describe tools that can be used to study them.

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Abbreviations

At-ELP:

Arabidopsis thaliana EGF receptor-like protein

CCV:

Clathrin-coated vesicle

DIP:

Dark intrinsic protein

DV:

Dense vesicle

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

ERvt:

ER to vacuole trafficking

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

GPA1:

G-protein alpha subunit 1

HMW:

High molecular weight

i-ER:

Induced ER (body)

KV:

KDEL-tailed cysteine proteinase-accumulating vesicle

LV:

Lytic vacuole

MBP:

Maltose binding protein

MVB:

Multivesicular body

PAC:

Precursor-accumulating (vesicle)

PB:

ER-derived protein bodies

PCD:

Programmed cell death

PPI:

Peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase

PSV:

Protein storage vacuole

PVC:

Prevacuolar compartment

rER:

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

RMR:

Receptor homology-transmembrane-RING H2

RNAi:

RNA interference

SBP:

Sucrose-binding protein

SH-EP:

Sulfhydryl endopeptidase

SNARE:

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment receptor

SSP:

Seed storage protein

TGN:

Trans-Golgi network

TIP:

Tonoplast intrinsic protein

VAMP:

Vesicle associated membrane protein

VSR:

Vacuole sorting receptor

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  1. Department for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria

    Verena Ibl & Eva Stoger

  2. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria

    Eva Stoger

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  1. Verena Ibl
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Correspondence to Eva Stoger.

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Ibl, V., Stoger, E. The formation, function and fate of protein storage compartments in seeds. Protoplasma 249, 379–392 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-011-0288-z

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