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Insect endosymbionts: manipulators of insect herbivore trophic interactions?

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Abstract

Throughout their evolutionary history, insects have formed multiple relationships with bacteria. Although many of these bacteria are pathogenic, with deleterious effects on the fitness of infected insects, there are also numerous examples of symbiotic bacteria that are harmless or even beneficial to their insect host. Symbiotic bacteria that form obligate or facultative associations with insects and that are located intracellularly in the host insect are known as endosymbionts. Endosymbiosis can be a strong driving force for evolution when the acquisition and maintenance of a microorganism by the insect host results in the formation of novel structures or changes in physiology and metabolism. The complex evolutionary dynamics of vertically transmitted symbiotic bacteria have led to distinctive symbiont genome characteristics that have profound effects on the phenotype of the host insect. Symbiotic bacteria are key players in insect–plant interactions influencing many aspects of insect ecology and playing a key role in shaping the diversification of many insect groups. In this review, we discuss the role of endosymbionts in manipulating insect herbivore trophic interactions focussing on their impact on plant utilisation patterns and parasitoid biology.

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Abbreviations

SOPE:

Sitophilus oryzae primary endosymbiont

SZPE:

Sitophilus zeamais primary endosymbiont

PAXS:

Pea aphid X-type symbiont

PGRPs:

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins

Jak/STAT:

Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins

APSE-1:

Bacteriophage 1, Acyrthosiphon pisum secondary endosymbiont

APSE-3:

Bacteriophage 3, Acyrthosiphon pisum secondary endosymbiont

CI:

Cytoplasmic incompatibility

T3SSs:

Type 3 secretion systems

UV-B:

Ultraviolet B light

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Acknowledgements

EC was financially supported by a University of Dundee/SCRI (REERAD) Joint PhD Studentship.

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  1. Environment Plant Interactions Programme, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK

    Emily L. Clark, Alison J. Karley & Stephen F. Hubbard

  2. Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at SCRI, SCRI, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK

    Emily L. Clark & Stephen F. Hubbard

  3. School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TS, Scotland, UK

    Stephen F. Hubbard

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Clark, E.L., Karley, A.J. & Hubbard, S.F. Insect endosymbionts: manipulators of insect herbivore trophic interactions?. Protoplasma 244, 25–51 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-010-0156-2

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