Skip to main content
Log in

Profilin and Rop GTPases are localized at infection sites of plant cells

  • Short communication
  • Published:
Protoplasma Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary.

We have found 5 profilin cDNAs in cultured parsley cells, representing a small gene family of about 5 members in parsley. Specific antibodies were produced using heterologously expressed parsley profilin as antigen. Western blot analysis revealed the occurrence of similar amounts of profilin in roots and green parts of parsley plants. Immunocytochemical staining of parsley cells infected with the oomycetous plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans clearly revealed that profilin accumulates at the site on the plasma membrane subtending the oomycetous appressorium, where the actin cables focus. We also observed the accumulation of Rop GTPases around this site, which might point to a potential function in signaling to the cytoskeleton.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • E Ballweber K Giehl E Hannappel T Huff BM Jockusch HG Mannherz (1998) ArticleTitlePlant profilin induces actin polymerization from actin:β-thymosin complexes and competes directly with β-thymosins and with negative co-operativity with DNase I for binding to actin FEBS Lett 425 251–255 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhvFGqt7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00240-3 Occurrence Handle9559659

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • F Baluska J Salaj J Mathur M Braun F Jasper J Samaj N-H Chua PW Barlow D Volkmann (2000) ArticleTitleRoot hair formation: F-actin-dependent tip growth is initiated by local assembly of profilin-supported F-actin meshworks accumulated within expansin-enriched bulges Dev Biol 227 618–632 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnvVeks74%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/dbio.2000.9908 Occurrence Handle11071779

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • F Baluska F Cvrckova J Kendrick-Jones D Volkmann (2001) ArticleTitleSink plasmodesmata as gateways for phloem unloading. Myosin VIII and calreticulin as molecular determinants of sink strength? Plant Physiol 126 39–46 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjslWjs7Y%3D Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.126.1.39 Occurrence Handle11351069

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • IV Boronenkov JC Loijens M Umeda RA Anderson (1998) ArticleTitlePhosphoinositide signaling pathways in nuclei are associated with nuclear speckles containing pre-mRNA processing factors Mol Biol Cell 9 3547–3560 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnvFOmtbg%3D Occurrence Handle9843587

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Braun F Baluska M von Witsch D Menzel (1999) ArticleTitleRedistribution of actin, profilin and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in growing and maturing root hairs Planta 209 435–443 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXms1Sls7k%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004250050746 Occurrence Handle10550624

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • L Carlsson LE Nyström I Sundkvist F Markey U Lindberg (1977) ArticleTitleActin polymerizability is influenced by profilin, a low molecular weight protein in non-muscle cells J Mol Biol 115 465–483 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXhvFej Occurrence Handle10.1016/0022-2836(77)90166-8 Occurrence Handle563468

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • HEM Christensen S Ramachandran C-T Tan U Surana C-H Dong N-H Chua (1996) ArticleTitle Arabidopsis profilins are functionally similar to yeast profilins: identification of a vascular bundle-specific profilin and a pollen specific profilin Plant J 10 269–279 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlvFags7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.10020269.x Occurrence Handle8771785

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BK Drobak VE Franklin-Tong CJ Staiger (2004) ArticleTitleThe role of the actin cytoskeleton in plant cell signaling New Phytol 163 13–30 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtVOhsLg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01076.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y Fu Y Gu Z Zheng G Wasteneys Z Yang (2005) ArticleTitle Arabidopsis interdigitating cell growth requires two antagonistic pathways with opposing action on cell morphogenesis Cell 120 687–700 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXis1yhsbc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.026 Occurrence Handle15766531

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • P Gross C Julius E Schmelzer K Hahlbrock (1993) ArticleTitleTranslocation of cytoplasm and nucleus to fungal penetration sites is associated with depolymerization of microtubules and defense gene activation in infected, cultured parsley cells EMBO J 12 1735–1744 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXkt1Ckt74%3D Occurrence Handle8491167

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J Gu CG Stephenson MJ Iadarola (1994) ArticleTitleRecombinant proteins attached to a nickel-NTA column: use in affinity purification of antibodies Bio Techniques 17 257–262 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmt1yis7s%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y Gu Y Fu P Dowd S Li V Vernoud S Gilroy Z Yang (2005) ArticleTitleA Rho family GTPase controls actin dynamics and tip growth via two counteracting downstream pathways in pollen tubes J Cell Biol 169 127–138 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjtlOrsLY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1083/jcb.200409140 Occurrence Handle15824136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Hall (1998) ArticleTitleRho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton Science 279 509–514 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXotVKrsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.279.5350.509 Occurrence Handle9438836

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Holzinger R Valenta U Lütz-Meindl (2000) ArticleTitleProfilin is localized in the nucleus-associated microtubule and actin system and is evenly distributed in the cytoplasm of the green alga Micrasterias denticulata Protoplasma 212 197–205 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmvVels7g%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01282920

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Huang JM McDowell MJ Weise RB Meagher (1996) ArticleTitleThe Arabidopsis profilin gene family Plant Physiol 111 115–126 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XivFektb4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.111.1.115 Occurrence Handle8685262

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DA Kaiser VK Vinson DB Murphy TD Pollard (1999) ArticleTitleProfilin is predominantly associated with monomeric actin in Acanthamoeba J Cell Sci 112 3779–3790 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXns1Oltr8%3D Occurrence Handle10523513

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MK Kandasamy EC McKinney RB Meagher (2002) ArticleTitlePlant profilin isovariants are distinctly regulated in vegetative and reproductive tissues Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 52 22–32 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktF2ksbY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1002/cm.10029 Occurrence Handle11977080

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E Kombrink K Hahlbrock (1986) ArticleTitleResponses of cultured parsley cells to elicitors from phytopathogenic fungi Plant Physiol 81 216–221 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL28Xkt1Wrtbs%3D Occurrence Handle16664778 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.81.1.216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • B Kost E Lemichez P Spielhofer Y Hong K Tolias C Carpenter N-H Chua (1999) ArticleTitleRac homologues and compartmentalized phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate act in a common pathway to regulate polar pollen tube growth J Cell Biol 145 317–330 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXislSgtL0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1083/jcb.145.2.317 Occurrence Handle10209027

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AM Martelli A Ctaldi L Manzoli AM Billi S Rubbini RS Gilmour L Cocco (1995) ArticleTitleInositides in nuclei of Friend cells: changes of phosphoinositide and diacylglycerol levels accompany cell differentiation Cell Signalling 7 53–56 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXkslGltro%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0898-6568(94)00062-G Occurrence Handle7756111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J Mathur M Hülskamp (2002) ArticleTitleMicrotubules and microfilaments in cell morphogenesis in higher plants Curr Biol 12 R696–R676 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01209-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • I Mittermann I Swoboda ES Pierson N Eller D Kraft R Valenta E Heberle-Bors (1995) ArticleTitleMolecular cloning and characterization of profilin isoforms from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum): increased profilin expression during pollen maturation Plant Mol Biol 27 137–146 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXktFWlsb0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00019185 Occurrence Handle7865783

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AJ Molendijk F Bischoff CSV Rajendrakumar J Friml M Braun S Gilroy K Palme (2001) ArticleTitle Arabidopsis thaliana Rop GTPases are localized to tips of root hairs and control polar growth EMBO J 20 2779–2788 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXksFGrsbg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1093/emboj/20.11.2779 Occurrence Handle11387211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • B Naton K Hahlbrock E Schmelzer (1996) ArticleTitleCorrelation of rapid cell death with metabolic changes in fungus-infected, cultured parsley cells Plant Physiol 112 433–444 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlvFKhtLY%3D Occurrence Handle12226400

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E Ono HL Wong T Kawasaki M Hasegawa O Kodama K Shimamoto (2001) ArticleTitleEssential role of the small GTPase Rac in disease resistance of rice Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 759–746 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnslKluw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.021273498 Occurrence Handle11149940

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KS Opalski H Schultheiss K-H Kogel R Hückelhoven (2005) ArticleTitleThe receptor-like MLO protein and the RAC/ROP family G-protein RACB modulate actin reorganization in barley attacked by the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei Plant J 41 291–303 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVWit7k%3D Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02292.x Occurrence Handle15634205

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SL Osborne CL Thomas S Gschmeissner G Schiavo (2001) ArticleTitleNuclear PtdIns(4,5)P2 assembles in a mitotically regulated particle involved in pre-mRNA splicing J Cell Sci 114 2501–2511 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsFamtbw%3D Occurrence Handle11559758

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Ridley (2001) ArticleTitleRho family proteins: coordinating cell responses Trends Cell Biol 11 471–477 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXosFKls78%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0962-8924(01)02153-5 Occurrence Handle11719051

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Robatzek IE Somssich (2001) ArticleTitleA new member of the Arabidopsis WRKY transcription factor family, AtWRKY6, is associated with both senescence- and defence-related processes Plant J 28 123–133 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXovV2ksrk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.2001.01131.x Occurrence Handle11722756

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • K Schlüter M Schleicher BM Jockusch (1998) ArticleTitleEffects of single amino acid substitutions in the actin-binding site on the biological activity of bovine profilin I J Cell Sci 111 3261–3273 Occurrence Handle9788869

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • E Schmelzer (2002) ArticleTitleCell polarization, a crucial process in fungal defence Trends Plant Sci 7 411–415 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XntVWnu7c%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02307-5 Occurrence Handle12234733

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H Schultheiss C Dechert K-H Kogel R Hückelhoven (2003) ArticleTitleFunctional analysis of barley RAC/ROP G-protein family members in susceptibility to the powdery mildew fungus Plant J 36 589–601 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhvFKrsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01905.x Occurrence Handle14617061

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CJ Staiger K Goodbody PJ C Hussey R Valenta BK Drobak CW Lloyd (1993) ArticleTitleThe profilin multigene family of maize: differential expression of three isoforms Plant J 4 631–641 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjtFKqsb8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.04040631.x Occurrence Handle8252067

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CJ Staiger M Yuang R Valenta PJ Shaw RM Warn CW Lloyd (1994) ArticleTitleMicroinjected profilin affects cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells by rapidly depolymerizing actin microfilaments Curr Biol 4 215–219 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXivFCht7o%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00050-6 Occurrence Handle7922326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CJ Staiger BC Gibbon DR Kovar LE Zonia (1997) ArticleTitleProfilin and actin-depolymerizing factor: modulators of actin organization in plants Trends Plant Sci 2 275–281 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(97)86350-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H-Q Sun K Kwiatkowska H Yin (1995) ArticleTitleActin monomer binding proteins Curr Opin Cell Biol 7 102–110 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjsVykt78%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0955-0674(95)80051-4 Occurrence Handle7755981

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D Takemoto DA Jones AR Hardham (2003) ArticleTitleGFP-tagging of cell components reveals the dynamics of subcellular re-organization in response to infection of Arabidopsis by oomycetous pathogens Plant J 33 775–792 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXislWiu7o%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01673.x Occurrence Handle12609049

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Tarachandani Y Wang (1996) ArticleTitleSite-directed mutagenesis enabled preparation of a functional fluorescent analog of profilin: biochemical characterization and localization in living cells Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 34 313–323 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XltlahtLs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(1996)34:4<313::AID-CM6>3.0.CO;2-8 Occurrence Handle8871818

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R Valenta M Duchêne K Pettenburger C Sillaber P Valent P Bettelheim M Breitenbach H Rumpold D Kraft O Schreiner (1991) ArticleTitleIdentification of profilin as a novel pollen allergen: IgE autoreactivity in sensitized individuals Science 253 557–560 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XksVKntbs%3D Occurrence Handle1857985

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AH Valster ES Pierson R Valenta PK Hepler AMC Emons (1997) ArticleTitleProbing the plant actin cytoskeleton during cytokinesis and interphase by profilin microinjection Plant Cell 9 1815–1824 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXntFals7o%3D Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.9.10.1815 Occurrence Handle12237348

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AH Valster PK Hepler J Chernoff (2000) ArticleTitlePlant GTPases: the Rhos in bloom Trends Cell Biol 10 141–146 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXit1Sqtrw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0962-8924(00)01728-1 Occurrence Handle10740268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AH Valster L Vidali PK Hepler (2003) ArticleTitleNuclear localization of profilin during the cell cycle in Tradescantia virginiana stamen hair cells Protoplasma 222 85–95 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsF2ntrk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00709-003-0005-7 Occurrence Handle14513314

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • V Vernoud AC Horton Z Yang E Nielsen (2003) ArticleTitleAnalysis of the small GTPase gene superfamily of Arabidopsis Plant Physiol 131 1191–1208 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXisFelsrw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.013052 Occurrence Handle12644670

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • L Vidali PK Hepler (1997) ArticleTitleCharacterization and localization of profilin in pollen grains and tubes of Lilium longiflorum Cell Mot Cytoskeleton 36 323–338 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXis1Gqtrg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(1997)36:4<323::AID-CM3>3.0.CO;2-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D Volkmann F Baluska (1999) ArticleTitleActin cytoskeleton in plants: from transport networks to signaling networks Microsc Res Tech 47 135–154 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1MvlsVOluw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19991015)47:2<135::AID-JEMT6>3.0.CO;2-1 Occurrence Handle10523792

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • HL Wong T Sakamoto T Kawasaki K Umemura K Shimamoto (2004) ArticleTitleDown-regulation of metallothionein, a reactive oxygen scavenger, by the small GTPase OsRac1 in rice Plant Physiol 135 1447–1456 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtVOrurs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.103.036384 Occurrence Handle15220467

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Z-L Zheng Z Yang (2000) ArticleTitleThe Rop GTPase: an emerging signaling switch in plants Plant Mol Biol 44 1–9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotlaju74%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006402628948 Occurrence Handle11094975

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Schmelzer.

Additional information

Correspondence and reprints: Zentrale Mikroskopie, Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Federal Republic of Germany.

Present address: Halle, Federal Republic of Germany.

Present address: Geretsried, Federal Republic of Germany.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schütz, I., Gus-Mayer, S. & Schmelzer, E. Profilin and Rop GTPases are localized at infection sites of plant cells. Protoplasma 227, 229–235 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-005-0151-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-005-0151-1

Navigation