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Effect of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection of nasal mucosa epithelial cells on integrin alpha 6 and on different components of the basement membrane

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Abstract

The respiratory mucosa is the common port of entry of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and several other alphaherpesviruses. An important prerequisite for successful host invasion of the virus is to cross the epithelial cell layer and the underlying basement membrane barrier. In the present study, an analysis was performed to see if an EHV-1 infection of nasal mucosa epithelial cells leads to damage of the underlying extracellular matrix proteins. Nasal mucosa explants were inoculated with EHV-1 and collected at 0, 24 and 48 hours post-inoculation (hpi). Then, double immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect viral-antigen-positive cells on the one hand and integrin alpha 6, laminin, collagen IV and collagen VII on the other hand. The area of these extracellular matrix proteins was measured in regions of interest (ROIs) at a magnification of 200X by means of the software imaging system ImageJ. ROIs were defined beneath uninfected and infected regions. In uninfected regions, 22-28 % of the ROI was stained for integrin alpha 6, 18-37 % for laminin, 14-38 % for collagen IV and 18-26 % for collagen VII. In infected regions, the percentage positive for integrin alpha 6 was significantly decreased to 0.1-9 % and 0.1-6 % after 24 and 48 hours of inoculation, respectively. Infection did not alter the percentages for laminin and collagen IV. For collagen VII, an increase in the percentage (from 18-26 % to 28-39 %) could be observed underneath EHV-1-infected plaques at 48 hours of inoculation. In conclusion, the results revealed a substantial impact of EHV-1 infection on integrin alpha 6 and collagen VII, two important components of the extracellular matrix, which are associated with the basement membrane and may facilitate virus penetration via hijacked leukocytes to underlying tissues.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Prof. H. Favoreel for his scientific contribution, helpful suggestions and fruitful discussions. This research was supported by Ghent University (Concerted Research Action 01G01311). Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi and Hans J Nauwynck are members of the BELVIR consortium (IAP, phase VII) sponsored by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi

  2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi

  3. Laboratory of Virology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium

    Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi & Hans J. Nauwynck

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  1. Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
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  2. Hans J. Nauwynck
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Correspondence to Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi.

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Bannazadeh Baghi, H., Nauwynck, H.J. Effect of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection of nasal mucosa epithelial cells on integrin alpha 6 and on different components of the basement membrane. Arch Virol 161, 103–110 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2643-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2643-4

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