Abstract
A multiplex one-step RT-PCR aiming at detecting all pospiviroids known to be harmful to cultivated plants has been developed. Specificity, sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability and reproducibility of this test have been assessed in order to fulfill the recommendations of the EPPO standard PM7/98 and provide routine detection laboratories with a cost-effective, easy-to-use and robust pospiviroid detection test. To further understand the epidemiology and ease the management of pospiviroid outbreaks, this RT-PCR diagnostic test can be followed by direct sequencing of the amplicons to identify and characterize the detected pospiviroid isolates.
References
Verhoeven J, Th J, Roenhorst JW, Owens RA (2011) Mexican papita viroid and Tomato planta macho viroid belong to a single species in the genus Pospiviroid. Arch Virol 156:1433–1437
Owens RA, Flores R, Di Serio F, Li S-F, Pallás V, Randles JW, Sano T, Vidalakis G (2011) Viroids. In: Virus taxonomy. Ninth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses, pp 1221–1234
Spieker RL (1996) The molecular structure of Iresine viroid, a new viroid species from Iresine herbstii (‘beefsteak plant’). J Gen Virol 77:2631–2635
Monger W, Tomlinson J, Boonham N, Marn MV, Plesko IM, Molinero-Demilly V, Tassus X, Meekes E, Toonen M, Papayiannis L, Perez-Egusquiza Z, Mehle N, Jansen C, Nielsen SL (2010) Development and inter-laboratory evaluation of real-time PCR assays for the detection of pospiviroids. J Virol Methods 169:207–210
Botermans M, van de Vossenberg BTLH, Verhoeven JThJ, Roenhorst JW, Hooftman M, Dekter R, Meekes ETM (2013) Development and validation of a real-time RT-PCR assay for generic detection of pospiviroids. J Virol Methods 187:43–50
Torchetti EM, Navarro B, Di Serio F (2012) A single polyprobe for detecting simultaneously eight pospiviroids infecting ornamentals and vegetables. J Virol Methods 186:141–146
EPPO (2010) PM 7/98 (1): specific requirements for laboratories preparing accreditation for a plant pest diagnostic activity. EPPO Bull 40:5–22
EPPO (2010) PM 7/76 (2): use of EPPO diagnostic protocols. EPPO Bull 40:350–352
Hall TA (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl Acids Symp Ser 41:95–98
Verhoeven JThJ, Jansen CCC, Willemen TM, Kox LFF, Owens RA, Roenhorst JW (2004) Natural infections of tomato by citrus exocortis viroid, Columnea latent viroid, Potato spindle tuber viroid and tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid. Eur J Plant Pathol 110:823–831
Spieker RL (1996) A viroid from Brunfelsia undulata closely related to the Columnea latent viroid. Arch Virol 141:1823–1832
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403–410
Verhoeven JThJ, Jansen CCC, Botermans M, Roenhorst JW (2010) First report of Iresine viroid 1 in Celosia plumosa in the Netherlands. Plant Dis 94:920
Önelge N (1997) Direct nucleotide sequencing of Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd). Turk J Agric For 21:419
Chung BN, Choi GS, Kim HR, Kim JS (2001) Chrysanthemum stunt viroid in Dendranthema grandiflorum. Plant Pathol J 17:194–200
Shamloul AM, Hadidi A, Zhu SF, Singh RP, Sagredo B (1997) Sensitive detection of Potato spindle tuber viroid using RT-PCR and identification of a viroid variant naturally infecting pepino plants. Can J Plant Pathol 19:89–96
Verhoeven JTJ, Jansen CCC, Roenhorst JW, Flores R, de la Peña M (2009) Pepper chat fruit viroid: biological and molecular properties of a proposed new species of the genus Pospiviroid. Virus Res 144:209–214
EPPO (2002) PM7/6 (1): diagnostic protocols for regulated pests. Chrysanthemum stunt pospiviroid. EPPO Bull 32:245–253
Steyer S, Olivier T, Skelton A, Nixon T, Hobden E (2010) Columnea latent viroid (CLVd): first report in tomato in France. Plant Pathol 59:794
Acknowledgements
We thank Alex Deterville, Daniel Goderniaux and Michel Facq for their indispensable help in the lab and in the greenhouse. We also thank our colleagues from the ANSES (France), Pascal Gentit, Xavier Tassus and Michèle Visage, as well as Dr. Francesco Faggioli from CRA-PAV (Italy) for their constructive discussions and for providing us with pospiviroids strains. This work was partially supported by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain. The Walloon Agricultural Research Centre is financed by the Walloon Public Service of Agriculture, Environment and Tourism.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Olivier, T., Demonty, E., Fauche, F. et al. Generic detection and identification of pospiviroids. Arch Virol 159, 2097–2102 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-1978-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-1978-6