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Immune responses in mice vaccinated with virus-like particles composed of the GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

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Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in pigs of all ages. Live attenuated and inactivated vaccines are used on swine farms to control PRRSV. However, their protective efficacy against field strains of PRRSV remains questionable. New vaccines have been developed to improve the efficacy of these traditional vaccines. In this study, virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the GP5 and M proteins of PRRSV were developed, and the capacity of the VLPs to elicit antigen-specific immunity was evaluated. Serum antibody titers and production of cytokines were measured in BALB/C mice immunized intramuscularly three times with different doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 μg) of the VLP vaccine. A commercial vaccine consisting of inactivated PRRSV and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. IgG titers to GP5 were significantly higher in all groups of mice vaccinated with the VLPs than in control mice. Neutralizing antibodies were only detected in mice vaccinated with 2.0 and 4.0 μg of the VLPs. Cytokine levels were determined in cell culture supernatants after in vitro stimulation of splenocytes with the VLPs for 3 days. Mice immunized with 4.0 μg of the VLPs produced a significantly higher amount of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) than mice immunized with the commercial inactivated PRRSV vaccine and PBS. In contrast, immunization with the commercial vaccine induced higher production of IL-4 and IL-10 in mice than mice vaccinated with VLPs. These data together demonstrate the capacity of VLPs to induce both neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ in immunized mice. The VLP vaccine developed in this study could serve as a platform for the generation of improved VLP vaccines to control PRRSV.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. J. H. Sur (Konkuk University, Korea) for providing monoclonal antibody SDOW17. This study was supported by funds provided from Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (IPET), Brain Korea 21, KBNP Inc., and Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University.

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  1. Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea

    Hae-Mi Nam, Kyung-Sil Chae, Young-Jo Song, Nak-Hyung Lee, Joong-Bok Lee, Seung-Yong Park, Chang-Seon Song & In-Soo Choi

  2. Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea

    Kun-Ho Seo

  3. Department of Veterinary Science Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea

    In-Soo Choi

  4. Department of Biology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA

    Sang-Moo Kang

  5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Min-Chul Kim

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  1. Hae-Mi Nam
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Nam, HM., Chae, KS., Song, YJ. et al. Immune responses in mice vaccinated with virus-like particles composed of the GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Arch Virol 158, 1275–1285 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-013-1612-z

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