Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Recombination of two porcine circovirus type 2 strains

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pigs can be concurrently infected with different PCV2 strains. In this study, a cell-culture-adapted PCV2 strain, originating from a PMWS-affected pig, was purified by limiting dilution. Three different strains were obtained, and one of them was a perfect mosaic of the other two, with recombination breakpoints in ORF1 and ORF2. Incongruence was observed between phylogenetic trees constructed with the whole genome, ORF1 and ORF2. Amplification of ORF1 and ORF2 from original material, followed by cloning and sequencing, resulted in sequences corresponding to the parental strains, but not with the mosaic strain. These results demonstrate that PCV2 can undergo recombination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Abbreviations

aa:

Amino-acid

IPMA:

Immunoperoxidase monolayer assay

ML:

Maximum-likelihood

NJ:

Neighbor-joining

nt:

Nucleotide

ORF:

Open reading frame

PCV2:

Porcine circovirus type 2

PMWS:

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

References

  1. Allan GM, McNeilly F, McMenamy M, McNair I, Krakowka SG, Timmusk S, Walls D, Donnelly M, Minahin D, Ellis J, Wallgren P, Fossum C (2007) Temporal distribution of porcine circovirus 2 genogroups recovered from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome affected and nonaffected farms in Ireland and northern Ireland. J Vet Diagn Invest 19:668–673

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Carman S, Cai HY, DeLay J, Youssef SA, McEwen BJ, Gagnon CA, Tremblay D, Hazlett M, Lusis P, Fairles J, Alexander HS, van Dreumel T (2008) The emergence of a new strain of porcine circovirus-2 in Ontario and Quebec swine and its association with severe porcine circovirus associated disease––2004–2006. Can J Vet Res 72:259–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Cheung AK (2003) Transcriptional analysis of porcine circovirus type 2. Virology 305:168–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cheung AK, Lager KM, Kohutyuk OI, Vincent AL, Henry SC, Baker RB, Rowland RR, Dunham AG (2007) Detection of two porcine circovirus type 2 genotypic groups in United States swine herds. Arch Virol 152:1035–1044

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Csagola A, Kecskemeti S, Kardos G, Kiss I, Tuboly T (2006) Genetic characterization of type 2 porcine circoviruses detected in Hungarian wild boars. Arch Virol 151:495–507

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. de Boisseson C, Beven V, Bigarre L, Thiery R, Rose N, Eveno E, Madec F, Jestin A (2004) Molecular characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 isolates from post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected and non-affected pigs. J Gen Virol 85:293–304

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Dupont K, Nielsen EO, Baekbo P, Larsen LE (2008) Genomic analysis of PCV2 isolates from Danish archives and a current PMWS case-control study supports a shift in genotypes with time. Vet Microbiol 128:56–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Grau-Roma L, Crisci E, Sibila M, Lopez-Soria S, Nofrarias M, Cortey M, Fraile L, Olvera A, Segales J (2008) A proposal on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotype definition and their relation with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) occurrence. Vet Microbiol 128:23–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hamel AL, Lin LL, Nayar GP (1998) Nucleotide sequence of porcine circovirus associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. J Virol 72:5262–5267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. He CQ, Ding NZ, Fan W, Wu YH, Li JP, Li YL (2007) Identification of chicken anemia virus putative intergenotype recombinants. Virology 366:1–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Heath L, Martin DP, Warburton L, Perrin M, Horsfield W, Kingsley C, Rybicki EP, Williamson AL (2004) Evidence of unique genotypes of beak and feather disease virus in southern Africa. J Virol 78:9277–9284

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hesse R, Kerrigan M, Rowland RR (2008) Evidence for recombination between PCV2a and PCV2b in the field. Virus Res 132:201–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hughes AL, Piontkivska H (2008) Nucleotide sequence polymorphism in circoviruses. Infect Genet Evol 8:130–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Labarque GG, Nauwynck HJ, Mesu AP, Pensaert MB (2000) Seroprevalence of porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 in the Belgian pig population. Vet Q 22:234–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lefebvre DJ, Costers S, Van Doorsselaere J, Misinzo G, Delputte PL, Nauwynck HJ (2008) Antigenic differences among porcine circovirus type 2 strains, as demonstrated by the use of monoclonal antibodies. J Gen Virol 89:177–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ma CM, Hon CC, Lam TY, Li VY, Wong CK, de Oliveira T, Leung FC (2007) Evidence for recombination in natural populations of porcine circovirus type 2 in Hong Kong and mainland China. J Gen Virol 88:1733–1737

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mankertz A, Mueller B, Steinfeldt T, Schmitt C, Finsterbusch T (2003) New reporter gene-based replication assay reveals exchangeability of replication factors of porcine circovirus types 1 and 2. J Virol 77:9885–9893

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Manni F, Rotola A, Caselli E, Bertorelle G, Di Luca D (2002) Detecting recombination in TT virus: a phylogenetic approach. J Mol Evol 55:563–572

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Meehan BM, McNeilly F, Todd D, Kennedy S, Jewhurst VA, Ellis JA, Hassard LE, Clark EG, Haines DM, Allan GM (1998) Characterization of novel circovirus DNAs associated with wasting syndromes in pigs. J Gen Virol 79:2171–2179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Morozov I, Sirinarumitr T, Sorden SD, Halbur PG, Morgan MK, Yoon KJ, Paul PS (1998) Detection of a novel strain of porcine circovirus in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 36:2535–2541

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nawagitgul P, Morozov I, Bolin SR, Harms PA, Sorden SD, Paul PS (2000) Open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid protein. J Gen Virol 81:2281–2287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Olvera A, Cortey M, Segales J (2007) Molecular evolution of porcine circovirus type 2 genomes: phylogeny and clonality. Virology 357:175–185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pringle CR (1999) Virus taxonomy at the XIth international congress of virology, Sydney, Australia, 1999. Arch Virol 144:2065–2070

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Segales J, Olvera A, Grau-Roma L, Charreyre C, Nauwynck H, Larsen L, Dupont K, McCullough K, Ellis J, Krakowka S, Mankertz A, Fredholm M, Fossum C, Timmusk S, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, Beattie V, Armstrong D, Grasland B, Bækbo P, Allan G (2008) PCV-2 genotype definition and nomenclature. Vet Rec 162:867–868

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Timmusk S, Wallgren P, Brunborg IM, Wikstrom FH, Allan G, Meehan B, McMenamy M, McNeilly F, Fuxler L, Belak K, Podersoo D, Saar T, Berg M, Fossum C (2008) Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) pre- and post-epizootic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Virus Genes 36:509–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the EU (Sixth Framework Programme, Project No. 513928, coordinated by Dr. G. Allan). The authors acknowledge Dr. P. Meerts for providing the original inguinal lymph node material. The authors thank C. Boone, C. Bracke and D. Helderweirt for their technical assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium

    David J. Lefebvre, P. L. Delputte & H. J. Nauwynck

  2. Department of Health Care and Biotechnology, KATHO Catholic University College of South-West Flanders, Wilgenstraat 32, 8800, Roeselare, Belgium

    J. Van Doorsselaere

Authors
  1. David J. Lefebvre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Van Doorsselaere
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. L. Delputte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. H. J. Nauwynck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David J. Lefebvre.

Additional information

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers of the sequences from clones II11A (‘strain 1’), 4D4 (‘strain 3’) and II9F (‘strain 2’) determined in this study are EU909686, EU909687 and EU909688, respectively.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lefebvre, D.J., Van Doorsselaere, J., Delputte, P.L. et al. Recombination of two porcine circovirus type 2 strains. Arch Virol 154, 875–879 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-009-0379-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-009-0379-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation