Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Diversity and evolution of a newly emerged North American Type 1 porcine arterivirus: analysis of isolates collected between 1999 and 2004

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary.

European-like Type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates, known as North American (NA) Type 1 PRRSV, appeared in United States (U.S.) swine herds in 1999. Their diversity and evolution were studied over a five-year period by constructing phylogenetic trees using nsp2 and ORF5 sequences of 20 NA Type 1 isolates, including the only known isolate from Hawaii. All but two of the isolates possessed the same 51-nt deletion in nsp2, suggesting a clonal origin. Parsimony and distance analysis showed that viruses could be placed into two distinct sub-clades, which were similar for both nsp2 and ORF5. An incongruity between the two trees identified one isolate, 04-41, as the product of recombination. Recombination analysis using SimPlot identified a break point located downstream of the nsp2/3 junction. Results from this study suggest that NA Type 1 PRRSV in the U.S. is a well-established and rapidly evolving group. However, the forces driving genetic diversity and separation are complex and remain to be elucidated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • R Allende TL Lewis Z Lu DL Rock GF Kutish A Ali AR Doster FA Osorio (1999) ArticleTitleNorth American and European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses differ in non-structural protein coding regions J Gen Virol 80 307–315 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsFCht7k%3D Occurrence Handle10073689

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C Dewey G Charbonneau S Carman A Hamel G Nayar R Friendship K Eernisse S Swenson (2000) ArticleTitleLelystad-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) identified in Canadian swine Can Vet J 41 439–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Y Fang DY Kim S Ropp P Steen J Christopher-Hennings EA Nelson RRR Rowland (2004) ArticleTitleHeterogeneity in nsp2 of European-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses isolated in the United States Virus Res 100 229–235 10.1016/j.virusres.2003.12.026 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.virusres.2003.12.026 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhs12ls7Y%3D Occurrence Handle15019241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R Forsberg T Storgaard HS Nielsen MB Oleksiewicz P Cordioli G Sala J Hein A Bøtner (2002) ArticleTitleThe genetic diversity of European type PRRSV is similar to that of the North American type but is geographically skewed within Europe Virology 299 38–47 10.1006/viro.2002.1450 Occurrence Handle10.1006/viro.2002.1450 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvVyks7g%3D Occurrence Handle12167339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TL Goldberg JF Lowe SM Milburn LD Firkins (2003) ArticleTitleQuasispecies variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus during natural infection Virology 317 197–207 10.1016/j.virol.2003.07.009 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.virol.2003.07.009 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVWjtL3F Occurrence Handle14698660

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • V Kapur MR Elam TM Pawlovich MP Murtaugh (1996) ArticleTitleGenetic variation in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in the midwestern United States J Gen Virol 77 1271–1276 10.1099/0022-1317-77-6-1271 Occurrence Handle10.1099/0022-1317-77-6-1271 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjtlGgtbk%3D Occurrence Handle8683216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Kumar K Tamura M Nei (1994) ArticleTitleMEGA: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software for microcomputers Comput Appl Biosci 10 189–191 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXltVOmsb0%3D Occurrence Handle8019868

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KS Lole RC Bollinger RS Paranjape D Gadkari SS Kulkarni NG Novak R Ingersoll HW Sheppard SC Ray (1999) ArticleTitleFull-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination J Virol 73 152–160 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXotFSlu70%3D Occurrence Handle9847317

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JJ Meulenberg MM Hulst EJ de Meijer PL Moonen A den Besten EP de Kluyver G Wensvoort RJ Moormann (1993) ArticleTitleLelystad virus, the causative agent of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS), is related to LDV and EAV Virology 192 62–72 10.1006/viro.1993.1008 Occurrence Handle10.1006/viro.1993.1008 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXkvFSrt7w%3D Occurrence Handle8517032

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CJ Nelsen MP Murtaugh KS Faaberg (1999) ArticleTitlePorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus comparison: divergent evolution on two continents J Virol 73 270–280 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXotFSksrg%3D Occurrence Handle9847330

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MB Oleksiewicz A Botner P Toft P Normann T Storgaard (2001) ArticleTitleEpitope mapping porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by phage display: the nsp2 fragment of the replicase polyprotein contains a cluster of B-cell epitopes J Virol 75 3277–3290 10.1128/JVI.75.7.3277-3290.2001 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JVI.75.7.3277-3290.2001 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitVGiur8%3D Occurrence Handle11238854

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SL Ropp CE Wees Y Fang EA Nelson KD Rossow M Bien B Arndt S Preszler P Steen J Christopher-Hennings JE Collins DA Benfield KS Faaberg (2004) ArticleTitleCharacterization of emerging European-like PRRSV isolates in the United States J Virol 78 3684–3703 10.1128/JVI.78.7.3684-3703.2004 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JVI.78.7.3684-3703.2004 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXis1Klurc%3D Occurrence Handle15016889

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RR Rowland M Steffen T Ackerman DA Benfield (1999) ArticleTitleThe evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: quasispecies and emergence of a virus subpopulation during infection of pigs with VR-2332 Virology 259 262–266 10.1006/viro.1999.9789 Occurrence Handle10.1006/viro.1999.9789 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktV2rtr0%3D Occurrence Handle10388650

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schommer SK, Stammer R, Vaughn E, Polson D, Chittick W, Kleiboeker SB (2002) GenBank submission AF514803

  • S Shen J Kwang W Liu DX Liu (2002) ArticleTitleDetermination of the complete nucleotide sequence of a vaccine strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and identification of the nsp2 gene with a unique insertion Arch Virol 145 871–883 10.1007/s007050050680 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s007050050680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EJ Snijder JJ Meulenberg (1998) ArticleTitleThe molecular biology of arteriviruses J Gen Virol 79 961–979 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXivFOlt74%3D Occurrence Handle9603311

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • EJ Snijder AL Wassenaar WJ Spaan AE Gorbalenya (1995) ArticleTitleThe arterivirus nsp2 protease: an unusual cysteine protease with primary structure similarities to both papain-like and chymotrypsin-like proteases J Biol Chem 270 16671–16676 10.1074/jbc.270.28.16671 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.270.28.16671 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmvFOktrg%3D Occurrence Handle7622476

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • EJ Snijder H van Tol N Roos KW Pedersen (2001) ArticleTitleNon-structural proteins 2 and 3 interact to modify host cell membranes during the formation of the arterivirus replication complex J Gen Virol 82 985–994 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtFOisL0%3D Occurrence Handle11297673

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Stadejek A Stankevicius T Storgaard MB Oleksiewicz S Belak TW Drew Z Pejsak (2002) ArticleTitleIdentification of radically different variants of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Eastern Europe: toward a common ancestor for European and American viruses J Gen Virol 83 1861–1873 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvVCrsrg%3D Occurrence Handle12124450

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JD Thompson TJ Gibson F Plewniak F Jeanmougin DG Higgins (1997) ArticleTitleThe CLUSTAL X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools Nucleic Acids Res 25 4876–4882 10.1093/nar/25.24.4876 Occurrence Handle10.1093/nar/25.24.4876 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXntFyntQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9396791

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JJ van Vugt T Storgaard MB Oleksiewicz A Botner (2001) ArticleTitleHigh frequency RNA recombination in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus occurs preferentially between parental sequences with high similarity J Gen Virol 82 2615–2620 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotlanurw%3D Occurrence Handle11602772

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AL Wassenaar WJ Spaan AE Gorbalenya EJ Snijder (1997) ArticleTitleAlternative proteolytic processing of the arterivirus replicase ORF1a polyprotein: evidence that nsp2 acts as a cofactor for the nsp4 serine protease J Virol 71 9313–9322 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnsVCks7s%3D Occurrence Handle9371590

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Yuan CJ Nelsen MP Murtaugh BJ Schmitt KS Faaberg (1999) ArticleTitleRecombination between North American strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Virus Res 61 87–98 10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00029-5 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00029-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjslOqsLc%3D Occurrence Handle10426212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J Ziebuhr EJ Snijder AE Gorbalenya (2000) ArticleTitleVirus-encoded proteinases and proteolytic processing in the Nidovirales J Gen Virol 81 853–887 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXisVektLg%3D Occurrence Handle10725411

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Infectious Disease Research and Vaccinology, Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, U.S.A.

    Y. Fang, W. P. Zhang & E. A. Nelson

  2. Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, U.S.A.

    P. Schneider & R. R. R. Rowland

  3. Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, U.S.A.

    K. S. Faaberg

Authors
  1. Y. Fang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Schneider
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. W. P. Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. S. Faaberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. E. A. Nelson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. R. R. R. Rowland
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fang, Y., Schneider, P., Zhang, W. et al. Diversity and evolution of a newly emerged North American Type 1 porcine arterivirus: analysis of isolates collected between 1999 and 2004. Arch Virol 152, 1009–1017 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-007-0936-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-007-0936-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation