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Investigation on semi-direct and indirect climate effects of fossil fuel black carbon aerosol over China

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Abstract

A Regional Climate Chemistry Modeling System that employed empirical parameterizations of aerosol-cloud microphysics was applied to investigate the spatial distribution, radiative forcing (RF), and climate effects of black carbon (BC) over China. Results showed high levels of BC in Southwest, Central, and East China, with maximum surface concentrations, column burden, and optical depth (AOD) up to 14 μg m−3, 8 mg m−2, and 0.11, respectively. Black carbon was found to result in a positive RF at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to its direct effect while a negative RF due to its indirect effect. The regional-averaged direct and indirect RF of BC in China was about +0.81 and −0.95 W m−2, respectively, leading to a net RF of −0.15 W m−2 at the TOA. The BC indirect RF was larger than its direct RF in South China. Due to BC absorption of solar radiation, cloudiness was decreased by 1.33 %, further resulting in an increase of solar radiation and subsequently a surface warming over most parts of China, which was opposite to BC’s indirect effect. Further, the net effect of BC might cause a decrease of precipitation of −7.39 % over China. Investigations also suggested large uncertainties and non-linearity in BC’s indirect effect on regional climate. Results suggested that: (a) changes in cloud cover might be more affected by BC’s direct effect, while changes in surface air temperature and precipitation might be influenced by BC’s indirect effect; and (b) BC second indirect effect might have more influence on cloud cover and water content compared to first indirect effect. This study highlighted a substantial role of BC on regional climate changes.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China (2011CB403406 and 2010CB428503), the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41205111), New Teachers’ Fund for Doctor Stations, Ministry of Education (20120091120031), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (1127020701), and a project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

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  1. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Hankou Rd. 22, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Bingliang Zhuang, Tijian Wang, Changqin Yin, Shu Li & Min Xie

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

    Qian Liu

  3. International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Hankou Rd. 22, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Fei Jiang

  4. Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13219, USA

    Huiting Mao

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Zhuang, B., Liu, Q., Wang, T. et al. Investigation on semi-direct and indirect climate effects of fossil fuel black carbon aerosol over China. Theor Appl Climatol 114, 651–672 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-013-0862-8

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