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Precipitation climate of Central Asia and the large-scale atmospheric circulation

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Abstract

The precipitation climate in the larger Tian Shan region of Central Asia is described in terms of the climatological seasonal moisture fluxes and background circulation based on the ERA-40 reanalysis data and a precipitation reanalysis. The study area is partitioned into (1) the Tarim river basin, (2) bordering regions of China, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, and (3) Northwestern China. Moisture supply to these areas is primarily due to the midlatitude westerlies with contributions from higher latitudes. In addition, moisture from the Indian Ocean is notably imported into the Tarim drainage area. Monthly interannual precipitation variability relates to the variability of hemispheric circulation patterns. Extreme precipitation above and below normal in Western China and Central Asia is analyzed using the standardized precipitation index. Related circulation composites show that, despite regional and seasonal differences, episodes of extreme and severe dryness are dominated by various upstream standing wave patterns from the North Atlantic to Central Asia. These features extend further downstream to the North Pacific. Non-symmetry between wet and dry composites is noted upstream and in regional moisture flux composites.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank two anonymous referees for their thoughtful comments, which helped to improve the manuscript as did discussions with Frank Sienz. Financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Klimacampus Hamburg is appreciated. We thank the DWD, the University of New Hampshire, the Climate Prediction Center at NOAA, the German Federal Institute of Hydrology, and the Model and Data group of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology for providing the data. KF and XZ acknowledge support of the Max Planck Society.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klimacampus, CliSAP, Universität Hamburg, c/o Max Planck Institut für Meteorologie, Bundesstraße 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany

    Oliver Bothe

  2. Klimacampus, Meteorologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Grindelberg 5, 20144, Hamburg, Germany

    Klaus Fraedrich & Xiuhua Zhu

  3. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Bundesstraße 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany

    Klaus Fraedrich

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  1. Oliver Bothe
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Correspondence to Oliver Bothe.

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Bothe, O., Fraedrich, K. & Zhu, X. Precipitation climate of Central Asia and the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Theor Appl Climatol 108, 345–354 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0537-2

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