Abstract
The analysis of the daily rainfall occurrence behavior is becoming more important, particularly in water-related sectors. Many studies have identified a more comprehensive pattern of the daily rainfall behavior based on the Markov chain models. One of the aims in fitting the Markov chain models of various orders to the daily rainfall occurrence is to determine the optimum order. In this study, the optimum order of the Markov chain models for a 5-day sequence will be examined in each of the 18 rainfall stations in Peninsular Malaysia, which have been selected based on the availability of the data, using the Akaike’s (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC). The identification of the most appropriate order in describing the distribution of the wet (dry) spells for each of the rainfall stations is obtained using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test. It is found that the optimum order varies according to the levels of threshold used (e.g., either 0.1 or 10.0 mm), the locations of the region and the types of monsoon seasons. At most stations, the Markov chain models of a higher order are found to be optimum for rainfall occurrence during the northeast monsoon season for both levels of threshold. However, it is generally found that regardless of the monsoon seasons, the first-order model is optimum for the northwestern and eastern regions of the peninsula when the level of thresholds of 10.0 mm is considered. The analysis indicates that the first order of the Markov chain model is found to be most appropriate for describing the distribution of wet spells, whereas the higher-order models are found to be adequate for the dry spells in most of the rainfall stations for both threshold levels and monsoon seasons.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are indebted to the staff of the Malaysian Meteorological Services for providing the daily rainfall data for this study. They also acknowledge their sincere appreciation to both reviewers for their valuable suggestions and remarks in improving this manuscript.
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Deni, S.M., Jemain, A.A. & Ibrahim, K. Fitting optimum order of Markov chain models for daily rainfall occurrences in Peninsular Malaysia. Theor Appl Climatol 97, 109–121 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-008-0051-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-008-0051-3