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Hydrogen polysulfide (H2S n ) signaling along with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO)

  • High Impact Review in Neuroscience, Neurology or Psychiatry - Review Article
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Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a physiological mediator with various roles, including neuro-modulation, vascular tone regulation, and cytoprotection against ischemia–reperfusion injury, angiogenesis, and oxygen sensing. Hydrogen polysulfide (H2S n ), which possesses a higher number of sulfur atoms than H2S, recently emerged as a potential signaling molecule that regulates the activity of ion channels, a tumor suppressor, transcription factors, and protein kinases. Some of the previously reported effects of H2S are now attributed to the more potent H2S n . H2S n is produced by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) from 3-mercaptopyruvate (3MP) and is generated by the chemical interaction of H2S with nitric oxide (NO). H2S n sulfhydrates (sulfurates) cysteine residues of target proteins and modifies their activity, whereas H2S sulfurates oxidized cysteine residues as well as reduces cysteine disulfide bonds. This review focuses on the recent progress made in studies concerning the production and physiological roles of H2S n and H2S.

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Abbreviations

AAT:

Aspartate aminotransferase

CAT:

Cysteine aminotransferase

CBS:

Cystathionine β-synthase

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CSE:

Cystathionine γ-lyase

DAO:

d-Amino acid oxidase

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthetase

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSH:

Glutathione persulfide

GSSSG:

Glutathione trisulfide

HNO:

Nitroxyl

H2S:

Hydrogen sulfide

H2S n :

Hydrogen polysulfide

HSSNO:

Nitrosopersulfide

Keap1:

Kelch ECH associating protein 1

LTP:

Long-term potentiation

3MP:

3-Mercaptopyruvate

3MST:

3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor κB

NMDA:

N-methyl-d-aspartate

NO:

Nitric oxide

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

SNAP:

S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine

–SNO:

S-nitrosothiol

SNP:

Sodium nitroprusside

SOD1:

Superoxide dismutase 1

–SOH:

Sulfenic acid

SQR:

Sulfur quinone oxidoreductase

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor α

TRPA1:

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Neuroscience, a KAKENHI (26460115) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, grants from Yamazaki Spice Promotion Foundation, grants from The Uehara Memorial Foundation.

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  1. Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan

    Hideo Kimura

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Kimura, H. Hydrogen polysulfide (H2S n ) signaling along with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). J Neural Transm 123, 1235–1245 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-016-1600-z

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