Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The role of phospholipase A2 in neuronal homeostasis and memory formation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Neural Transmission Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary.

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a key enzyme in cerebral phospholipid metabolism. Preliminary post-mortem studies have shown that PLA2 activity is decreased in frontal and parietal areas of the AD brain, which is in accordance with recent 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy evidence of reduced phospholipid turnover in the pre-frontal cortex of moderately demented AD patients. Such abnormality may also be observed in peripheral cells, and reduced PLA2 activity in platelet membranes of AD patients, and correlates with the severity of dementia. In rat hippocampal slices, PLA2 has been implicated in mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. In adult rats, the stereotaxic injection of PLA2 inhibitors in the CA1 area of hippocampus impaired, in a dose-dependent manner, the formation of short- and long-term memory. Additionally, such inhibition resulted in a reduction of the fluidity of hippocampal membranes. In primary cultures of cortical and hippocampal neurons, the inhibition of PLA2 precluded neurite outgrowth, and the sustained inhibition of the enzyme in mature cultures lead to loss of viability. Taken together, these findings reinforce the involvement of PLA2 enzymes in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration processes, and further suggest that reduced PLA2 activity, probably reducing membrane phospholipids breakdown, may contribute to the memory impairment in AD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • EJ Ackermann K Conde-Frieboes EA Dennis (1995) ArticleTitleInhibition of macrophage Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 by bromoenol lactone and trifluoromethyl ketones J Biol Chem 270 IssueID1 445–450 Occurrence Handle7814408 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.270.1.445 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjtFWmsL8%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Balsinde MA Balboa PA Insel EA Dennis (1999) ArticleTitleRegulation and inhibition of phospholipase A2 Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 39 175–189 Occurrence Handle10331081 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.175 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjtVejt7g%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Bernard A Lahsaini G Massicotte (1994) ArticleTitlePotassium-induced long-term potentiation in area CA1 of the hippocampus involves phospholipase activation Hippocampus 4 IssueID4 447–453 Occurrence Handle7874236 Occurrence Handle10.1002/hipo.450040407 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXit1alu74%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TV Bliss GL Collingridge (1993) ArticleTitleA synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus Nature 361 IssueID6407 31–39 Occurrence Handle8421494 Occurrence Handle10.1038/361031a0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXntlOntw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JK Blusztajn M Liscovitch C Mauron UI Richardson RJ Wurtman (1987) ArticleTitlePhosphatidylcholine as a precursor of choline for acetylcholine synthesis J Neural Transm 24 IssueIDSuppl 247–259 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL1c%2FmtFeitA%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GG Brown SR Levine JM Gorell JW Pettegrew JW Gdowski JA Bueri JA Helpern KM Welch (1989) ArticleTitleIn vivo 31P NMR profiles of Alzheimer’s disease and multiple subcortical infarct dementia Neurology 39 IssueID11 1423–1427 Occurrence Handle2812317 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXltlaiug%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GG Brown JH Garcia JW Gdowski SR Levine JA Helpern (1993) ArticleTitleAltered brain energy metabolism in demented patients with multiple subcortical ischemic lesions. Working hypotheses Arch Neurol 50 IssueID4 384–388 Occurrence Handle8460960 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3s3htlahtw%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GL Caporaso SE Gandy JD Buxbaum TV Ramabhadran P Greengard (1992) ArticleTitleProtein phosphorylation regulates secretion of Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 IssueID7 3055–3059 Occurrence Handle1557413 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.89.7.3055 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xitleit7k%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Chakraborti (2003) ArticleTitlePhospholipase A(2) isoforms: a perspective Cell Signal 15 IssueID7 637–665 Occurrence Handle12742226 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0898-6568(02)00144-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjsVeqtrs%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MS Clarke MA Prendergast AV Terry SuffixJr (1999) ArticleTitlePlasma membrane ordering agent pluronic F-68 (PF-68) reduces neurotransmitter uptake and release and produces learning and memory deficits in rats Learn Mem 6 IssueID6 634–649 Occurrence Handle10641767 Occurrence Handle10.1101/lm.6.6.634 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7gsVOgsQ%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MP Clements TV Bliss MA Lynchl (1991) ArticleTitleIncrease in arachidonic acid concentration in a postsynaptic membrane fraction following the induction of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus Neuroscience 45 IssueID2 379–389 Occurrence Handle1662336 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0306-4522(91)90235-G Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XjvVKitA%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EA Dennis (1994) ArticleTitleDiversity of group types, regulation, and function of phospholipase A2 J Biol Chem 269 IssueID18 13057–13060 Occurrence Handle8175726 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXkt12lsrk%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GP Eckert NJ Cairns A Maras WF Gattaz WE Müller (2000) ArticleTitleCholesterol modulates the membrane-disordering effects of beta-amyloid peptides in the hippocampus: specific changes in Alzheimer’s disease Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 11 IssueID4 181–186 Occurrence Handle10867442 Occurrence Handle10.1159/000017234 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXls1Ojur4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MR Emmerling CJ Moore PD Doyle RT Carroll RE Davis (1993) ArticleTitlePhospholipase A2 activation influences the processing and secretion of the amyloid precursor protein Biochem Biophys Res Commun 197 IssueID1 292–297 Occurrence Handle8250938 Occurrence Handle10.1006/bbrc.1993.2474 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXltFShtQ%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MR Emmerling DT Dudley RD Dyer RT Carroll PD Doyle RE Davis (1996) ArticleTitleThe role of arachidonic acid in the secretion of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) Ann NY Acad Sci 777 310–315 Occurrence Handle8624105 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34438.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjtVClurc%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AA Farooqui HC Yang TA Rosenberger LA Horrocks (1997) ArticleTitlePhospholipase A2 and its role in brain tissue J Neurochem 69 IssueID3 889–901 Occurrence Handle9282910 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXls1Chtrw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69030889.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AA Farooqui ML Litsky T Farooqui LA Horrocks (1999) ArticleTitleInhibitors of intracellular phospholipase A2 activity: their neurochemical effects and therapeutical importance for neurological disorders Brain Res Bull 49 IssueID3 139–153 Occurrence Handle10435777 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0361-9230(99)00027-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltVWlur0%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R Fluhrer A Capell G Westmeyer M Willem B Hartung MM Condron DB Teplow C Haass J Walter (2002) ArticleTitleA non-amyloidogenic function of BACE-2 in the secretory pathway J Neurochem 81 IssueID5 1011–1020 Occurrence Handle12065613 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00908.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XksV2hsrc%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • OV Forlenza EL Schaeffer WF Gattaz (2002) ArticleTitlePhospholipase A2 activity in rat embryonic brain and in primary cultures of cortical neurons J Neural Transm 109 IssueID5–6 623–631 Occurrence Handle12111454 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s007020200051 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmtVCqsrk%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • OV Forlenza P Wacker PV Nunes J Yacubian CC Castro MC Otaduy WF Gattaz (2005) ArticleTitleReduced phospholipid breakdown in Alzheimer’s brains: a (31)P spectroscopy study Psychopharmacology (Berl) 180 IssueID2 359–365 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00213-005-2168-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltVKntr8%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Fujita Y Ikegaya N Nishiyama N Matsuki (2000) ArticleTitleCa2+-independent phospholipase A2 inhibitor impairs spatial memory of mice Jpn J Pharmacol 83 IssueID3 277–278 Occurrence Handle10952080 Occurrence Handle10.1254/jjp.83.277 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltlKhurg%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Fujita Y Ikegaya M Nishikawa N Nishiyama N Matsuki (2001) ArticleTitleDocosahexaenoic acid improves long-term potentiation attenuated by phospholipase A(2) inhibitor in rat hippocampal slices Br J Pharmacol 132 IssueID7 1417–1422 Occurrence Handle11264234 Occurrence Handle10.1038/sj.bjp.0703970 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXivVahs7w%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D Fukushima M Konishi K Maruyama T Miyamoto S Ishiura K Suzuki (1993) ArticleTitleActivation of the secretory pathway leads to a decrease in the intracellular amyloidogenic fragments generated from the amyloid protein precursor Biochem Biophys Res Commun 194 IssueID1 202–207 Occurrence Handle8333836 Occurrence Handle10.1006/bbrc.1993.1804 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlsFOntbc%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WF Gattaz A Maras NJ Cairns R Levy H Forstl (1995) ArticleTitleDecreased phospholipase A2 activity in Alzheimer brains Biol Psychiatry 37 IssueID1 13–17 Occurrence Handle7893853 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-3223(94)00123-K Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2M3gtFSlug%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WF Gattaz NJ Cairns R Levy H Forstl DF Braus A Maras (1996) ArticleTitleDecreased phospholipase A2 activity in the brain and in platelets of patients with Alzheimer’s disease Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 246 IssueID3 129–131 Occurrence Handle8739397 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02189113 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK28zhslSrtg%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WF Gattaz OV Forlenza LL Talib NR Barbosa CM Bottino (2004) ArticleTitlePlatelet phospholipase A(2) activity in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment J Neural Transm 111 IssueID5 591–601 Occurrence Handle15088152 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00702-004-0142-y Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c7ptFKjtA%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RG Gonzalez AR Guimaraes GJ Moore A Crawley LA Cupples JH Growdon (1996) ArticleTitleQuantitative in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of Alzheimer disease Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 10 IssueID1 46–52 Occurrence Handle8919496 Occurrence Handle10.1097/00002093-199601010-00008 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FnvVGksA%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C Hölscher SP Rose (1994) ArticleTitleInhibitors of phospholipase A2 produce amnesia for a passive avoidance task in the chick Behav Neural Biol 61 IssueID3 225–232 Occurrence Handle8067978 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80005-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C Hölscher L Canevari G Richter-Levin (1995) ArticleTitleInhibitors of PLA2 and NO synthase cooperate in producing amnesia of a spatial task Neuroreport 6 IssueID5 730–732 Occurrence Handle7541655 Occurrence Handle10.1097/00001756-199503270-00006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Hong (1995) ArticleTitleThe neural basis of learning and memory declines in aged rats Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 26 IssueID3 240–242 Occurrence Handle8584892 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpt1elsrY%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TC Hwang SE Guggino WB Guggino (1990) ArticleTitleDirect modulation of secretory chloride channels by arachidonic and other cis unsaturated fatty acids Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 IssueID15 5706–5709 Occurrence Handle1696009 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.87.15.5706 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXlt12ruro%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Ikemoto T Kobayashi S Watanabe H Okuyama (1997) ArticleTitleMembrane fatty acid modifications of PC12 cells by arachidonate or docosahexaenoate affect neurite outgrowth but not norepinephrine release Neurochem Res 22 IssueID6 671–678 Occurrence Handle9178949 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1027393724676 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjs1Kktr4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • I Izquierdo JH Medina (1997) ArticleTitleMemory formation: the sequence of biochemical events in the hippocampus and its connection to activity in other brain structures Neurobiol Learn Mem 68 IssueID3 285–316 Occurrence Handle9398590 Occurrence Handle10.1006/nlme.1997.3799 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnslOhsro%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K Kadoyama Y Takahashi H Higashida T Tanabe T Yoshimoto (2000) ArticleTitleCyclooxygenase-2 stimulates production of amyloid beta-peptide in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells Biochem Biophys Res Commun 281 IssueID2 483–490 Occurrence Handle10.1006/bbrc.2001.4357 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXht1aitbw%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D Kim DE Clapham (1989) ArticleTitlePotassium channels in cardiac cells activated by arachidonic acid and phospholipids Science 244 IssueID4909 1174–1176 Occurrence Handle2727703 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.2727703 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXksFCmurc%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • I Kudo M Murakami (2002) ArticleTitlePhospholipase A2 enzymes Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 68–69 3–58 Occurrence Handle12432908 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0090-6980(02)00020-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • PK Larsson HE Claesson BP Kennedy (1998) ArticleTitleMultiple splice variants of the human calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and their effect on enzyme activity J Biol Chem 273 IssueID1 207–214 Occurrence Handle9417066 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.273.1.207 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjvFSgsw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WJ Lukiw NG Bazan (2000) ArticleTitleNeuroinflammatory signaling upregulation in Alzheimer’s disease Neurochem Res 25 IssueID9–10 1173–1184 Occurrence Handle11059791 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1007627725251 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXns1eitL4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JC Maire RJ Wurtman (1985) ArticleTitleEffects of electrical stimulation and choline availability on the release and contents of acetylcholine and choline in superfused slices from rat striatum J Physiol (Paris) 80 IssueID3 189–195 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXmtVOgs70%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DJ Mancuso CM Jenkins RW Gross (2000) ArticleTitleThe genomic organization, complete mRNA sequence, cloning, and expression of a novel human intracellular membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) J Biol Chem 275 IssueID14 9937–9945 Occurrence Handle10744668 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.275.14.9937 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXisFSqu7w%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BM McGahon DS Martin DF Horrobin MA Lynch (1999) ArticleTitleAge-related changes in synaptic function: analysis of the effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids Neuroscience 94 IssueID1 305–314 Occurrence Handle10613520 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00219-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvVWnu7g%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CT Mendes WF Gattaz EL Schaeffer OV Forlenza (2005) ArticleTitleModulation of phosopholipase A(2) activity in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons J Neural Transm 112 IssueID10 1297–308 Occurrence Handle15682269 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00702-004-0271-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVentL7L

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Miller M Sarantis SF Traynelis D Attwell (1992) ArticleTitlePotentiation of NMDA receptor currents by arachidonic acid Nature 355 IssueID6362 722–725 Occurrence Handle1371330 Occurrence Handle10.1038/355722a0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhsVCmtLk%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WE Müller S Koch K Scheuer A Rostock R Bartsch (1997) ArticleTitleEffects of piracetam on membrane fluidity in the aged mouse, rat, and human brain Biochem Pharmacol 53 IssueID2 135–140 Occurrence Handle9037245 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0006-2952(96)00463-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JH Musser AF Kreft (1992) ArticleTitle5-lipoxygenase: properties, pharmacology, and the quinolinyl(bridged)aryl class of inhibitors J Med Chem 35 IssueID14 2501–2524 Occurrence Handle1635053 Occurrence Handle10.1021/jm00092a001 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xktl2ls7w%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Nishikawa S Kimura N Akaike (1994) ArticleTitleFacilitatory effect of docosahexaenoic acid on N-methyl-D-aspartate response in pyramidal neurones of rat cerebral cortex J Physiol 475 IssueID1 83–93 Occurrence Handle7514666 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhvVertr4%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T Nishizaki T Nomura T Matsuoka Y Tsujishita (1999) ArticleTitleArachidonic acid as a messenger for the expression of long-term potentiation Biochem Biophys Res Commun 254 IssueID2 446–449 Occurrence Handle9918858 Occurrence Handle10.1006/bbrc.1998.9961 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmslaqsQ%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RM Nitsch A Deng RJ Wurtman JH Growdon (1997) ArticleTitleMetabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR1alpha stimulates the secretion of the amyloid beta-protein precursor ectodomain J Neurochem 69 IssueID2 704–712 Occurrence Handle9231730 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXkvFGkurY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69020704.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JW Pettegrew P Kanagasabai J Moossy J Martinez G Rao F Boller (1988) ArticleTitleCorrelation of phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and morphologic findings in Alzheimer’s disease Arch Neurol 45 1093–1096 Occurrence Handle3178529 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2FisFahug%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JW Pettegrew WE Klunk E Kanal K Panchalingam RJ McClure (1995) ArticleTitleChanges in brain membrane phospholipid and high-energy phosphate metabolism precede dementia Neurobiol Aging 16 IssueID6 973–975 Occurrence Handle8622789 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0197-4580(95)02017-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XnsVWjuw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TA Rosenberger NE Villacreses MA Contreras JV Bonventre SI Rapoport (2003) ArticleTitleBrain lipid metabolism in the cPLA2 knockout mouse J Lipid Res 44 IssueID1 109–117 Occurrence Handle12518029 Occurrence Handle10.1194/jlr.M200298-JLR200 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlslOgsg%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BM Ross A Moszczynska J Erlich SJ Kish (1998) ArticleTitlePhospholipid-metabolizing enzymes in Alzheimer’s disease: increased lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity and decreased phospholipase A2 activity J Neurochem 70 IssueID2 786–793 Occurrence Handle9453575 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmtFaqug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020786.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EL Schaeffer WF Gattaz (2005) ArticleTitleInhibition of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity in rat hippocampus impairs acquisition of short- and long-term memory Psychopharmacology (Berl) 181 IssueID2 392–400 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00213-005-2256-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFCrtLzJ

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EL Schaeffer F Bassi SuffixJr WF Gattaz (2005) ArticleTitleInhibition of phospholipase A2 activity reduces membrane fluidity in rat hippocampus J Neural Transm 112 IssueID5 641–647 Occurrence Handle15830123 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00702-005-0301-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjt1WisL0%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K Scheuer A Rostock R Bartsch WE Müller (1999) ArticleTitlePiracetam improves cognitive performance by restoring neurochemical deficits of the aged rat brain Pharmacopsychiatry 32 IssueIDSuppl 1 10–16 Occurrence Handle10338103 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvFehs7k%3D Occurrence Handle10.1055/s-2007-979231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DA Six EA Dennis (2000) ArticleTitleThe expanding superfamily of phospholipase A(2) enzymes: classification and characterization Biochim Biophys Acta 1488 IssueID1–2 1–19 Occurrence Handle11080672 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotlGisbo%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ER Skinner C Watt JAO Besson PV Best (1989) ArticleTitleLipid composition of different regions of the brain in patients with Alzheimer’s disease Biochem Soc Trans 17 213–214 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhslWitLc%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NR Smalheiser S Dissanayake A Kapil (1996) ArticleTitleRapid regulation of neurite outgrowth and retraction by phospholipase A2-derived arachidonic acid and its metabolites Brain Res 721 IssueID1–2 39–48 Occurrence Handle8793082 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-8993(96)00134-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xjs1Sjt7s%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CD Smith LG Gallenstein WJ Layton RJ Kryscio WR Markesbery (1993) ArticleTitle31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Alzheimer’s and Pick’s disease Neurobiol Aging 14 IssueID1 85–92 Occurrence Handle8450937 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0197-4580(93)90026-8 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3s7ps1Oltw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CD Stubbs AD Smith (1984) ArticleTitleThe modification of mammalian membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in relation to membrane fluidity and function Biochim Biophys Acta 779 IssueID1 89–137 Occurrence Handle6229284 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXhtVSnsL8%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GY Sun J Xu MD Jensen A Simonyi (2004) ArticleTitlePhospholipase A2 in the central nervous system: implications for neurodegenerative diseases J Lipid Res 45 205–213 Occurrence Handle14657205 Occurrence Handle10.1194/jlr.R300016-JLR200 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhslOmtr4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K Talbot RA Young C Jolly-Tornetta VM Lee JQ Trojanowski BA (ANO) Wolf (2000) ArticleTitleA frontal variant of Alzheimer’s disease exhibits decreased calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity in the prefrontal cortex Neurochem Int 37 IssueID1 17–31 Occurrence Handle10781842 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00006-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkt12nuro%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H Tanaka R Takeya H Sumimoto (2000) ArticleTitleA novel intracellular membrane-bound calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 272 IssueID2 320–326 Occurrence Handle10833412 Occurrence Handle10.1006/bbrc.2000.2776 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjs12gtbY%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KW Underwood C Song RW Kriz XJ Chang JL Knopf LL Lin (1998) ArticleTitleA novel calcium-independent phospholipase A2, cPLA2-gamma, that is renylated and contains homology to cPLA2 J Biol Chem 273 IssueID34 21926–21932 Occurrence Handle9705332 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.273.34.21926 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlsFOqsbc%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O Weichel M Hilgert SS Chatterjee M Lehr J Klein (1999) ArticleTitleBilobalide, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba, inhibits NMDA-induced phospholipase A2 activation and phospholipid breakdown in rat hippocampus Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 360 IssueID6 609–615 Occurrence Handle10619176 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002109900131 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotFSgsA%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EJ Williams FS Walsh P Doherty (1994) ArticleTitleThe production of arachidonic acid can account for calcium channel activation in the second messenger pathway underlying neurite outgrowth stimulated by NCAM, N-cadherin, and L1 J Neurochem 62 IssueID3 1231–1234 Occurrence Handle8113807 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhvVyhtbY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62031231.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MV Winstead J Balsinde EA Dennis (2000) ArticleTitleCalcium-independent phospholipase A(2): structure and function Biochim Biophys Acta 1488 IssueID1–2 28–39 Occurrence Handle11080674 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotlGisbg%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MJ Wolf Y Izumi CF Zorumski RW Gross (1995) ArticleTitleLong-term potentiation requires activation of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 FEBS Lett 377 IssueID3 358–362 Occurrence Handle8549755 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-5793(95)01371-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xnt1Kn

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y Yoshihara Y Watanabe (1990) ArticleTitleTranslocation of phospholipase A2 from cytosol to membranes in rat brain induced by calcium ions Biochem Biophys Res Commun 170 IssueID2 484–490 Occurrence Handle2383255 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-291X(90)92117-I Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXltFejsLk%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y Yoshihara M Yamaji M Kawasaki Y Watanabe (1992) ArticleTitleOntogeny of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity in rat brain Biochem Biophys Res Commun 185 IssueID1 350–355 Occurrence Handle1599471 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80992-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xkt1ektbw%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y Yoshikai (2001) ArticleTitleRoles of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in acute inflammation caused by bacterial infection Curr Opin Infect Dis 14 IssueID3 257–263 Occurrence Handle11964841 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkslKhs70%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GS Zubenko E Winwood B Jacobs I Teply JS Stiffler HB Hughes Suffix3rd FJ Huff T Sunderland AJ Martinez (1999) ArticleTitleProspective study of risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease: results at 7.5 years Am J Psychiatry 156 IssueID1 50–57 Occurrence Handle9892297 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M7gsleitw%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department & Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    O. V. Forlenza, E. L. Schaeffer & W. F. Gattaz

Authors
  1. O. V. Forlenza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. E. L. Schaeffer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. W. F. Gattaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Forlenza, O., Schaeffer, E. & Gattaz, W. The role of phospholipase A2 in neuronal homeostasis and memory formation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm 114, 231–238 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-006-0597-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-006-0597-0

Search

Navigation