Skip to main content
Log in

Serotonergic mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease: opposing results from preclinical and clinical data

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Neural Transmission Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neuropsychiatric disease affecting approximately 1–2% of the general population. The classical triad of symptoms, tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia is mainly caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra. However, other neurotransmitter systems also show signs of degeneration, among which the serotonergic system. The exact role of serotonin in PD remains unclear. We present here a review about functional serotonergic interventions and serotonergic imaging studies in PD, and will go into the importance of combining preclinical and clinical research data in order to gain more insight into the role of serotonin in PD. More specifically, the present review is aimed at bridging the gap between data from animal models of PD and data from human research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • A Aberg-Wistedt L Hasselmark R Stain-Malmgren B Aperia BF Kjellman AA Mathe (1998) ArticleTitleSerotonergic ‘vulnerability’ in affective disorder: a study of the tryptophan depletion test and relationships between peripheral and central serotonin indexes in citalopram-responders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 97 IssueID5 374–380 Occurrence Handle9611088 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1c3nt1Kntg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10017.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams RD, Victor M (1993) Priciples of neurology. McGraw-Hill, New York

  • R Arai N Karasawa I Nagatsu (1996) ArticleTitleAromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase is present in serotonergic fibers of the striatum of the rat. A double-labeling immunofluorescence study. Brain Res 706 IssueID1 177–179 Occurrence Handle8720509 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-8993(95)01281-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XkslKmug%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Avila X Cardona M Martin-Baranera P Maho F Sastre J Bello (2003) ArticleTitleDoes nefazodone improve both depression and Parkinson disease? A pilot randomized trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 23 IssueID5 509–513 Occurrence Handle14520130 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXns12qu7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1097/01.jcp.0000088908.24613.db

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C Baeken H D’Haenen P Flamen J Mertens D Terriere K Chavatte R Boumon A Bossuyt (1998) ArticleTitle123I-5-I-R91150, a new single-photon emission tomography ligand for 5-HT2A receptors: influence of age and gender in healthy subjects. Eur J Nucl Med 25 IssueID12 1617–1622 Occurrence Handle9871092 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002590050339 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXns1Ois7c%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Balcioglu K Zhang FI Tarazi (2003) ArticleTitleDopamine depletion abolishes apomorphine- and amphetamine-induced increases in extracellular serotonin levels in the striatum of conscious rats: a microdialysis study. Neuroscience 119 IssueID4 1045–1053 Occurrence Handle12831863 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0306-4522(03)00219-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvVChs7c%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BL Beasley RW Davenport TN Chase (1977) ArticleTitleFenfluramine hydrochloride treatment of parkinsonism. Arch Neurol 34 IssueID4 255–256 Occurrence Handle843263 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE2s7jtlOluw%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Benloucif MP Galloway (1991) ArticleTitleFacilitation of dopamine release in vivo by serotonin agonists: studies with microdialysis. Eur J Pharmacol 200 IssueID1 1–8 Occurrence Handle1769366 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-2999(91)90658-D Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXlsFWntb8%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Benloucif MJ Keegan MP Galloway (1993) ArticleTitleSerotonin-facilitated dopamine release in vivo: pharmacological characterization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 265 IssueID1 373–377 Occurrence Handle8474019 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXktVWmsLw%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • W Birkmayer JD Birkmayer (1987) ArticleTitleDopamine action and disorders of neurotransmitter balance. Gerontology 33 IssueID3–4 168–171 Occurrence Handle3653699 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXjsFyitw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1159/000212871

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • W Birkmayer W Danielczyk E Neumayer P Riederer (1972) ArticleTitleThe balance of biogenic amines as condition for normal behaviour. J Neural Transm 33 IssueID2 163–178 Occurrence Handle4643007 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01260902 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE3s%2Fms1SgsA%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birkmayer W, Riederer P (1985) Biochemische Veranderungen bei der Parkinson-Krankheit. In: Birkmayer W, Riederer P (eds) Die Parkinson-Krankheit. Biochemie, Klinik, Therapie. Springer, Wien New York, pp 29–59

  • C Bishop PD Walker (2003) ArticleTitleCombined intrastriatal dopamine d1 and serotonin 5-ht2 receptor stimulation reveals a mechanism for hyperlocomotion in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Neuroscience 121 IssueID3 649–657 Occurrence Handle14568025 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0306-4522(03)00516-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotVCjs70%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T Brucke J Kornhuber P Angelberger S Asenbaum H Frassine I Podreka (1993) ArticleTitleSPECT imaging of dopamine and serotonin transporters with [123I]beta-CIT. Binding kinetics in the human brain. J Neural Transm 94 IssueID2 137–146 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2c7ltlCqsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01245007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RC Bryant (1980) ArticleTitleDuration of illness and response to tryptophan in Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol 37 IssueID10 677 Occurrence Handle7425898 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL3M%2FjvVGhsw%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GF Busatto LS Pilowsky DC Costa J Mertens D Terriere PJ Ell R Mulligan MJ Travis JE Leysen D Lui S Gacinovic W Waddington A Lingford-Hughes RW Kerwin (1997) ArticleTitleInitial evaluation of 123I-5-I-R91150, a selective 5-HT2A ligand for single-photon emission tomography, in healthy human subjects. Eur J Nucl Med 24 IssueID2 119–124 Occurrence Handle9021107 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXit12lu7s%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02439542

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GJ Canter R De La Torre M Mier (1961) ArticleTitleA method for evaluating disability in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Nerv Ment Dis 133 143–147 Occurrence Handle13876261 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaF38%2FhslGmsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1097/00005053-196108000-00010

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TN Chase (1972) ArticleTitleSerotonergic mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol 27 IssueID4 354–356 Occurrence Handle4262400 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE383msFGhug%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TN Chase (1974) ArticleTitleSerotonergic mechanisms and extrapyramidal function in man. Adv Neurol 5 31–39 Occurrence Handle4280243 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE2cXltlCjsbw%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TN Chase LK Ng AM Watanabe (1972) ArticleTitleParkinson’s disease. Modification by 5-hydroxytryptophan. Neurology 22 IssueID5 479–484 Occurrence Handle4563493 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE3s%2FjsVSqtw%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CP Chen JT Alder L Bray AE Kingsbury PT Francis OJ Foster (1998) ArticleTitlePost-synaptic 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors are increased in Parkinson’s disease neocortex. Ann NY Acad Sci 861 288–289 Occurrence Handle9928295 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M7islamtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10229.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AJ Cleare RM Murray V O’Keane (1998) ArticleTitleAssessment of serotonergic function in major depression using d-fenfluramine: relation to clinical variables and antidepressant response. Biol Psychiatry 44 IssueID7 555–561 Occurrence Handle9787879 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00018-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmvFWksLk%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Coppen M Metcalfe JD Carroll JG Morris (1972) ArticleTitleLevodopa and L-tryptophan therapy in Parkinsonism. Lancet 1 IssueID7752 654–658 Occurrence Handle4125162 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE3s3jsleltQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0140-6736(72)90461-8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JL Cummings (1992) ArticleTitleDepression and Parkinson’s disease: a review. Am J Psychiatry 149 IssueID4 443–454 Occurrence Handle1372794 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK383gs1GitQ%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • W Dauer S Przedborksi (2003) ArticleTitleParkinson’s disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron 39 889–909 Occurrence Handle12971891 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00568-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsFait7o%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P De Deurwaerdere S Navailles KA Berg WP Clarke U Spampinato (2004) ArticleTitleConstitutive activity of the serotonin2C receptor inhibits in vivo dopamine release in the rat striatum and nucleus accumbens. J Neurosci 24 IssueID13 3235–3241 Occurrence Handle15056702 Occurrence Handle10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0112-04.2004 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjt1yhsrc%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PL Delgado DS Charney LH Price GK Aghajanian H Landis GR Heninger (1990) ArticleTitleSerotonin function and the mechanism of antidepressant action. Reversal of antidepressant-induced remission by rapid depletion of plasma tryptophan. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47 IssueID5 411–418 Occurrence Handle2184795 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXhslCiug%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PL Delgado DS Charney LH Price H Landis GR Heninger (1989) ArticleTitleNeuroendocrine and behavioral effects of dietary tryptophan depletion in healthy subjects. Life Sci 45 2323–2332 Occurrence Handle2601581 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0024-3205(89)90114-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXjsVOksQ%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R Deumens A Blokland J Prickaerts (2002) ArticleTitleModeling Parkinson’s disease in rats: an evaluation of 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. Exp Neurol 175 IssueID2 303–317 Occurrence Handle12061862 Occurrence Handle10.1006/exnr.2002.7891 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XksVequr0%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G Di Giovanni P De Deurwaerdere M Di Mascio V Di Matteo E Esposito U Spampinato (1999) ArticleTitleSelective blockade of serotonin-2C/2B receptors enhances mesolimbic and mesostriatal dopaminergic function: a combined in vivo electrophysiological and microdialysis study. Neuroscience 91 IssueID2 587–597 Occurrence Handle10366016 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXivFKmsLk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00655-1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • V Di Matteo M Cacchio C Di Giulio E Esposito (2002) ArticleTitleRole of serotonin(2C) receptors in the control of brain dopaminergic function. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 71 IssueID4 727–734 Occurrence Handle11888564 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhvVChurc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0091-3057(01)00705-5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • V Di Matteo A De Blasi C Di Giulio E Esposito (2001) ArticleTitleRole of 5-HT(2C) receptors in the control of central dopamine function. Trends Pharmacol Sci 22 IssueID5 229–232 Occurrence Handle11339973 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01688-6 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtFCks74%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Doder EA Rabiner N Turjanski AJ Lees DJ Brooks (2003) ArticleTitleTremor in Parkinson’s disease and serotonergic dysfunction: an 11C-WAY 100635 PET study. Neurology 60 IssueID4 601–605 Occurrence Handle12601099 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptFKktA%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JD Fernstrom RJ Wurtman B Hammarstrom-Wiklund WM Rand HN Munro CS Davidson (1979) ArticleTitleDiurnal variations in plasma concentrations of tryptophan, tryosine, and other neutral amino acids: effect of dietary protein intake. Am J Clin Nutr 32 IssueID9 1912–1922 Occurrence Handle573061 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXlvFWrs7w%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SH Fox JM Brotchie (2000) ArticleTitle5-HT(2C) receptor antagonists enhance the behavioural response to dopamine D(1) receptor agonists in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat. Eur J Pharmacol 398 IssueID1 59–64 Occurrence Handle10856448 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00238-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktVSmurk%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SH Fox B Moser JM Brotchie (1998) ArticleTitleBehavioral effects of 5-HT2C receptor antagonism in the substantia nigra zona reticulata of the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Exp Neurol 151 IssueID1 35–49 Occurrence Handle9582253 Occurrence Handle10.1006/exnr.1998.6792 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjsV2ntbo%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D Frechilla A Cobreros L Saldise R Moratalla R Insausti M Luquin J Del Rio (2001) ArticleTitleSerotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor expression is selectively enhanced in the striosomal compartment of chronic parkinsonian monkeys. Synapse 39 IssueID4 288–296 Occurrence Handle11169778 Occurrence Handle10.1002/1098-2396(20010315)39:4<288::AID-SYN1011>3.0.CO;2-V Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtVGntbw%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RW Fuller (1977) ArticleTitleFenfluramine and Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol 34 IssueID11 720 Occurrence Handle911238 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE1c%2FhvFegtw%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P Gaspar A Febvret J Colombo (1993) ArticleTitleSerotonergic sprouting in primate MTP-induced hemiparkinsonism. Exp Brain Res 96 IssueID1 100–106 Occurrence Handle7902292 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhs1Slt7c%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R Gerber CA Altar JM Liebman (1988) ArticleTitleRotational behavior induced by 8-hydroxy-DPAT, a putative 5HT-1A agonist, in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 94 IssueID2 178–182 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXhtVKqtL0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00176841

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Gobert JM Rivet F Lejeune A Newman-Tancredi A Adhumeau-Auclair JP Nicolas L Cistarelli C Melon MJ Millan (2000) ArticleTitleSerotonin(2C) receptors tonically suppress the activity of mesocortical dopaminergic and adrenergic, but not serotonergic, pathways: a combined dialysis and electrophysiological analysis in the rat. Synapse 36 IssueID3 205–221 Occurrence Handle10819900 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(20000601)36:3<205::AID-SYN5>3.0.CO;2-D Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtVeisbo%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TH Haapaniemi A Ahonen P Torniainen KA Sotaniemi VV Myllyla (2001) ArticleTitle[123I]beta-CIT SPECT demonstrates decreased brain dopamine and serotonin transporter levels in untreated parkinsonian patients. Mov Disord 16 IssueID1 124–130 Occurrence Handle11215571 Occurrence Handle10.1002/1531-8257(200101)16:1<124::AID-MDS1007>3.0.CO;2-R Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzjslKhuw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CD Hall EA Weiss CE Morris AJ Prange SuffixJr (1972) ArticleTitleRapid deterioration in patients with parkinsonism following tryptophan-pyridoxine administration. Neurology 22 IssueID3 231–237 Occurrence Handle5062258 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE387is1GgtA%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Henderson C Yiannikas JS Graham (1992) ArticleTitleEffect of ritanserin, a higly selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, on Parkinson’s disease. Clin Exp Neurol 29 277–282 Occurrence Handle1343870 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2c7lsFCmsQ%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Hildebrand F Delecluse (1987) ArticleTitleEffect of ritanserin, a selective serotonin-S2 antagonist, on Parkinson’s rest tremor. Cur Ther Res 41 IssueID2 298–300

    Google Scholar 

  • O Hornykiewicz (1986) ArticleTitleParkinson’s disease and the adaptive capacity of the nigrostriatal dopamine system: possible neurochemical mechanisms. Adv Neurol 60 140–147

    Google Scholar 

  • O Hornykiewicz (1998) ArticleTitleBiochemical aspects of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 51 IssueIDSuppl 2 S2–S9 Occurrence Handle9711973 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlsFeit7Y%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MM Iravani MJ Jackson M Kuoppamaki LA Smith P Jenner (2003) ArticleTitle3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) inhibits dyskinesia expression and normalizes motor activity in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated primates. J Neurosci 23 IssueID27 9107–9115 Occurrence Handle14534244 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhvF2isb0%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BL Jacobs CA Fornal (1993) ArticleTitle5-HT and motor control: a hypothesis. Trends Neurosci 16 IssueID9 346–352 Occurrence Handle7694403 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0166-2236(93)90090-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlslClt7s%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JM Kent JD Coplan J Martinez W Karmally LA Papp JM Gorman (1996) ArticleTitleVentilatory effects of tryptophan depletion in panic disorder: a preliminary report. Psychiatry Res 64 IssueID2 83–90 Occurrence Handle8912949 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0165-1781(96)02840-5 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FmvF2luw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • L Kerenyi GA Ricaurte DJ Schretlen U McCann J Varga WB Mathews HT Ravert RF Dannals J Hilton DF Wong Z Szabo (2003) ArticleTitlePositron emission tomography of striatal serotonin transporters in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 60 IssueID9 1223–1229 Occurrence Handle12975287 Occurrence Handle10.1001/archneur.60.9.1223

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SE Kim JY Choi YS Choe Y Choi WY Lee (2003) ArticleTitleSerotonin transporters in the midbrain of Parkinson’s disease patients: a study with 123I-beta-CIT SPECT. J Nucl Med 44 IssueID6 870–876 Occurrence Handle12791812 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlt12jsrg%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SE Kim WY Lee YS Choe JH Kim (1999) ArticleTitleSPECT measurement of iodine-123-beta-CIT binding to dopamine and serotonin transporters in Parkinson’s disease: correlation with symptom severity. Neurol Res 21 IssueID3 255–261 Occurrence Handle10319333 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjtF2lsbc%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T Klaassen J Klumperbeek NE Deutz HM van Praag E Griez (1998) ArticleTitleEffects of tryptophan depletion on anxiety and on panic provoked by carbon dioxide challenge. Psychiatry Res 77 IssueID3 167–174 Occurrence Handle9707299 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0165-1781(98)00004-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXisVCmtLk%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T Klaassen WJ Riedel A van Someren NE Deutz A Honig HM van Praag (1999) ArticleTitleMood effects of 24-hour tryptophan depletion in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with affective disorders. Biol Psychiatry 46 IssueID4 489–497 Occurrence Handle10459398 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00082-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvVKhur0%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HL Klawans SP Ringel (1973) ArticleTitleA clinical study of methysergide in Parkinsonism: evidence against a serotonergic mechanism. J Neurol Sci 19 IssueID4 399–405 Occurrence Handle4724817 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0022-510X(73)90037-3 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE3s3jsFKktw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DA Knobelman HF Kung I Lucki (2000) ArticleTitleRegulation of extracellular concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in mouse striatum by 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 292 IssueID3 1111–1117 Occurrence Handle10688630 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhslWku7s%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • VS Kostic D Lecic M Doder J Marinkovic S Filipovic (1996) ArticleTitleProlactin and cortisol responses to fenfluramine in Parkinson’s disease. Biol Psychiatry 40 IssueID8 769–775 Occurrence Handle8894070 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-3223(95)00496-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmslOjt7c%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JW Langston P Ballard JW Tetrud I Irwin (1983) ArticleTitleChronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science 219 IssueID4587 979–980 Occurrence Handle6823561 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL3s7hvF2mtg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.6823561

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • N Laprade F Radja TA Reader JJ Soghomonian (1996) ArticleTitleDopamine receptor agonists regulate levels of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and its mRNA in a subpopulation of rat striatal neurons. J Neurosci 16 IssueID11 3727–3736 Occurrence Handle8642415 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjtF2msro%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Lavoie A Parent (1990) ArticleTitleImmunohistochemical study of the serotoninergic innervation of the basal ganglia in the squirrel monkey. J Comp Neurol 299 IssueID1 1–16 Occurrence Handle2212111 Occurrence Handle10.1002/cne.902990102 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3M%2FgvF2ktw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HB Lebsanft A Mayerhofer KA Kovar WJ Schmidt (2003) ArticleTitleIs the Ecstasy-induced ipsilateral rotation in 6-hydroxydopamine unilaterally lesioned rats dopamine independent? J Neural Transm 110 IssueID7 707–718 Occurrence Handle12811632 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXks1ajsr8%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AF Leentjens (2004) ArticleTitleDepression in Parkinson’s disease: conceptual issues and clinical challenges. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 17 IssueID3 120–126 Occurrence Handle15312275 Occurrence Handle10.1177/0891988704267456

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leentjens AFG (2002) Parkinson’s disease, depression, and serotonin. Maastricht University, Maastricht

  • J Lehmann (1973) ArticleTitleTryptophan malabsorption in levodopa-treated parkinsonian patients. Effect of tryptophan on mental disturbances. Acta Med Scand 194 IssueID3 181–189 Occurrence Handle4746526 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE2c%2FhtlOgtQ%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DG LeMarquand RO Pihl SN Young RE Tremblay JR Seguin RM Palmour C Benkelfat (1998) ArticleTitleTryptophan depletion, executive functions, and disinhibition in aggressive, adolescent males. Neuropsychopharmacology 19 IssueID4 333–341 Occurrence Handle9718596 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00029-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlslWkur4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G Lucas N Bonhomme P De Deurwaerdere M Le Moal U Spampinato (1997) ArticleTitle8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1A agonist and ritanserin, a 5-HT2A/C antagonist, reverse haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats independently of striatal dopamine release. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 131 IssueID1 57–63 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjsFers7g%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002130050265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G Lucas P De Deurwaerdere S Caccia S Umberto (2000) ArticleTitleThe effect of serotonergic agents on haloperidol-induced striatal dopamine release in vivo: opposite role of 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptor subtypes and significance of the haloperidol dose used. Neuropharmacology 39 IssueID6 1053–1063 Occurrence Handle10727716 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0028-3908(99)00193-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhvVOls7c%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G Lucas U Spampinato (2000) ArticleTitleRole of striatal serotonin2a and serotonin2c receptor subtypes in the control of in vivo dopamine outflow in the rat striatum. J Neurochem 74 693–701 Occurrence Handle10646521 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.740693.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntFyjtQ%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T Maeda K Kannari H Shen A Arai M Tomiyama M Matsunaga T Suda (2003) ArticleTitleRapid induction of serotonergic hyperinnervation in the adult rat striatum with extensive dopaminergic denervation. Neurosci Lett 343 IssueID1 17–20 Occurrence Handle12749987 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00295-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjs1Crsr4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R Mayeux (1990) ArticleTitleThe “serotonin hypothesis” for depression in Parkinson’s disease. Adv Neurol 53 163–166 Occurrence Handle2239456 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3M%2FltVymtw%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R Mayeux Y Stern L Cote JB Williams (1984) ArticleTitleAltered serotonin metabolism in depressed patients with parkinson’s disease. Neurology 34 IssueID5 642–646 Occurrence Handle6200801 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL2c7mvVCqsA%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EF McCance-Katz KM Marek LH Price (1992) ArticleTitleSerotonergic dysfunction in depression associated with Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 42 1813–1814 Occurrence Handle1387464 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK38zot1OrsQ%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KS McNaught DP Perl AL Brownell CW Olanow (2004) ArticleTitleSystemic exposure to proteasome inhibitors causes a progressive model of Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 56 IssueID1 149–162 Occurrence Handle15236415 Occurrence Handle10.1002/ana.20186 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmsVSns7c%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • L Mignon WA Wolf (2002) ArticleTitlePostsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors mediate an increase in locomotor activity in the monoamine-depleted rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 163 IssueID1 85–94 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XosVGrtbk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00213-002-1121-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • E Miyawaki Y Meah WC Koller (1997) ArticleTitleSerotonin, dopamine, and motor effects in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 20 IssueID4 300–310 Occurrence Handle9260728 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmt1OqsbY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1097/00002826-199708000-00002

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T Murai U Muller K Werheid D Sorger M Reuter T Becker DY von Cramon H Barthel (2001) ArticleTitleIn vivo evidence for differential association of striatal dopamine and midbrain serotonin systems with neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 13 IssueID2 222–228 Occurrence Handle11449029 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjvFOnsbg%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Navailles P De Deurwaerdere G Porras U Spampinato (2004) ArticleTitleIn vivo evidence that 5-HT2C receptor antagonist but not agonist modulates cocaine-induced dopamine outflow in the rat nucleus accumbens and striatum. Neuropsychopharmacology 29 IssueID2 319–326 Occurrence Handle14560323 Occurrence Handle10.1038/sj.npp.1300329 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXksl2htw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JL Neumeyer SY Wang RA Milius RM Baldwin Y Zea-Ponce PB Hoffer E Sybirska M al-Tikriti DS Charney RT Malison et al. (1991) ArticleTitle[123I]-2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane: high-affinity SPECT radiotracer of monoamine reuptake sites in brain. J Med Chem 34 IssueID10 3144–3146 Occurrence Handle1920365 Occurrence Handle10.1021/jm00114a027 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmtlamtLg%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ME Newman B Shapira B Lerer (1998) ArticleTitleEvaluation of central serotonergic function in affective and related disorders by the fenfluramine challenge test: a critical review. Int J Neuropsychopharmcol 1 IssueID1 49–69 Occurrence Handle11281946 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjtF2ku7Y%3D Occurrence Handle10.1017/S1461145798001072

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SL Nicholson JM Brotchie (2002) ArticleTitle5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) and Parkinson’s disease – opportunities for novel therapeutics to reduce the problems of levodopa therapy. Eur J Neurol 9 IssueIDSuppl 3 1–6 Occurrence Handle12464115 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1468-1331.9.s3.1.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Numan KH Lundgren DE Wright JP Herman KB Seroogy (1995) ArticleTitleIncreased expression of 5HT2 receptor mRNA in rat striatum following 6-OHDA lesions of the adult nigrostriatal pathway. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 29 IssueID2 391–396 Occurrence Handle7609629 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXktFCitLo%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0169-328X(95)00004-C

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JD Oh F Bibbiani TN Chase (2002) ArticleTitleQuetiapine attenuates levodopa-induced motor complications in rodent and primate parkinsonian models. Exp Neurol 177 IssueID2 557–564 Occurrence Handle12429201 Occurrence Handle10.1006/exnr.2002.8009 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotlKju7k%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Orth SJ Tabrizi (2003) ArticleTitleModels of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 18 IssueID7 729–737 Occurrence Handle12815651 Occurrence Handle10.1002/mds.10447

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SB Park JT Coull RH McShane AH Young BJ Sahakian TW Robbins PJ Cowen (1994) ArticleTitleTryptophan depletion in normal volunteers produces selective impairments in learning and memory. Neuropharmacology 33 IssueID3–4 575–588 Occurrence Handle7984295 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjt1SltLc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0028-3908(94)90089-2

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JM Rabey J Vardi JJ Askenazi M Streifler (1977) ArticleTitleL-tryptophan administration in L-dopa-induced hallucinations in elderly Parkinsonian patients. Gerontology 23 IssueID6 438–444 Occurrence Handle892450 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE2s3kslKnsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1159/000212220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WJ Riedel T Klaassen NE Deutz A van Someren HM van Praag (1999) ArticleTitleTryptophan depletion in normal volunteers produces selective impairment in memory consolidation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 141 IssueID4 362–369 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhtlyju7k%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002130050845

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R Sandyk H Fisher (1989) ArticleTitleL-tryptophan supplementation in Parkinson’s disease. Int J Neurosci 45 IssueID3–4 215–219 Occurrence Handle2744962 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL1MzgslOrtg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.3109/00207458908986234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Scatton F Javoy-Agid L Rouquier B Dubois Y Agid (1983) ArticleTitleReduction of cortical dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin and their metabolites in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res 275 IssueID2 321–328 Occurrence Handle6626985 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-8993(83)90993-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXlsleqsL4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CJ Schmidt GM Fadayel CK Sullivan VL Taylor (1992) ArticleTitle5-HT2 receptors exert a state-dependent regulation of dopaminergic function: studies with MDL 100,907 and the amphetamine analogue, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Eur J Pharmacol 223 IssueID1 65–74 Occurrence Handle1362159 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-2999(92)90819-P Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhs1OqtQ%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JA Schmitt BL Jorissen S Sobczak MP van Boxtel E Hogervorst NE Deutz WJ Riedel (2000) ArticleTitleTryptophan depletion impairs memory consolidation but improves focussed attention in healthy young volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 14 IssueID1 21–29 Occurrence Handle10757249 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXis1SisrY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1177/026988110001400102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AP Sempere J Duarte C Cabezas LE Claveria F Coria (1995) ArticleTitleAggravation of parkinsonian tremor by cisapride. Clin Neuropharmacol 18 IssueID1 76–78 Occurrence Handle8665538 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK283itVegsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1097/00002826-199502000-00010

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Sobczak A Honig NA Nicolson WJ Riedel (2002) ArticleTitleEffects of acute tryptophan depletion on mood and cortisol release in first-degree relatives of type I and type II bipolar patients and healthy matched controls. Neuropsychopharmacology 27 IssueID5 834–842 Occurrence Handle12431857 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0893-133X(02)00345-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xoslyiurw%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H Tanaka K Kannari T Maeda M Tomiyama T Suda M Matsunaga (1999) ArticleTitleRole of serotonergic neurons in L-DOPA-derived extracellular dopamine in the striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Neuroreport 10 IssueID3 631–634 Occurrence Handle10208602 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXisFantL0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1097/00001756-199902250-00034

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • U Ungerstedt (1968) ArticleTitle6-Hydroxy-dopamine induced degeneration of central monoamine neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 5 IssueID1 107–110 Occurrence Handle5718510 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-2999(68)90164-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF1MXns1eisw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MJ Van Kroonenburgh AFG Leentjens FRJ Verhey F Vreeling J Troost (2001) ArticleTitleImaging of 5-HT2a receptors in Parkinson’s disease. J Nucl Med 42 IssueIDSuppl 227

    Google Scholar 

  • HM Van Praag S De Haan (1979) ArticleTitleCentral serotonin metabolism and frequency of depression. Psychiatry Res 1 219–224 Occurrence Handle95233 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0165-1781(79)90002-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXhtVyksb4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R Volpi P Caffarra S Boni A Scaglioni L Malvezzi A Saginario P Chiodera V Coiro (1997) ArticleTitleACTH/cortisol involvement in the serotonergic disorder affecting the parkinsonian brain. Neuropsychobiology 35 IssueID2 73–78 Occurrence Handle9097297 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXitlKltbk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1159/000119394

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R Volpi P Caffarra A Scaglioni S Boni A Saginario P Chiodera V Coiro (1997) ArticleTitleDefective 5-HT 1-receptor-mediated neurotransmission in the control of growth hormone secretion in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychobiology 35 IssueID2 79–83 Occurrence Handle9097298 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXitlKltbY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1159/000119395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FC Zhou S Bledsoe J Murphy (1991) ArticleTitleSerotonergic sprouting is induced by dopamine-lesion in substantia nigra of adult rat brain. Brain Res 556 IssueID1 108–116 Occurrence Handle1718555 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-8993(91)90553-8 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FjsVSjtw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Zoldan G Friedberg M Livneh E Melamed (1995) ArticleTitlePsychosis in advanced Parkinson’s disease: treatment with ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Neurology 45 IssueID7 1305–1308 Occurrence Handle7617188 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2Mzkt1Cjtg%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Scholtissen, B., Verhey, F., Steinbusch, H. et al. Serotonergic mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease: opposing results from preclinical and clinical data. J Neural Transm 113, 59–73 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-005-0368-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-005-0368-3

Navigation