Zusammenfassung
Das Mikrobiom stellt ein wichtiges Fundament für das gesunde Heranwachsen des Neugeborenen dar. Neben seiner maturierenden Wirkung auf das Immunsystem hält es auch eine wichtige Position hinsichtlich metabolischer Funktionen und der Regulation der gastrointestinalen Physiologie inne. Das Neugeborene akquiriert die ersten Bestandteile des Mikrobioms aus dem „Inokulum Mutter“. Im Laufe der Entwicklung des Neugeborenen adaptiert sich das Mikrobiom in seiner Zusammensetzung in Abhängigkeit vom maternalen Mikrobiom, Gestationsalter, Geburtsvorgang, von Diät/Ernährung und etwaigen therapeutischen Interventionen. Therapeutische Interventionen, wie die Verabreichung von Pre-, Pro- oder Antibiotika, beeinflussen die Zusammensetzung und damit die Funktion des Mikrobioms.
Abstract
The microbiome probably provides an important foundation for the healthy physiological development of the neonate. Besides its impact on the development of the immune system, it also plays a major role in metabolic functions and the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology. The mother represents an “inoculum” and is therefore the first source of bacteria for the neonate. During maturation of the newborn, the microbiome changes its composition and depends on gestational age, delivery mode, diet, and therapeutic interventions. Therapeutic interventions, such as the administration of pre-, pro-, and antibiotics, influence the composition and therefore the correct functioning of the microbiome.
Literatur
Adlerberth I, Wold AE (2009) Establishment of the gut microbiota in western infants. Acta Paediatr 98(2):229–238 (Feb)
Scholtens PA, Oozeer R, Martin R, Amor KB, Knol J (2012) The early settlers: intestinal microbiology in early life. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 3:425–447
Collado MC, Cernada M, Bauerl C, Vento M, Perez-Martinez G (2012) Microbial ecology and host-microbiota interactions during early life stages. Gut Microbes 3(4):352–365 (Jul–Aug)
Guarner F, Malagelada JR (2003) Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet 361(9356):512–519 (Feb 8)
Cash HL, Whitham CV, Behrendt CL, Hooper LV (2006) Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin. Science 313(5790):1126–1130 (Aug 25)
Bäckhed F, Ding H, Wang T, Hooper LV, Koh GY, Nagy A, Semenkovich CF, Gordon JI (2004) The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(44):15718–15723 (Nov 2)
Costello EK, Stagaman K, Dethlefsen L, Bohannan BJ, Relman DA (2012) The application of ecological theory toward an understanding of the human microbiome. Science 336(6086):1255–1262 (Jun 8)
Penders J, Thijs C, Vink C, Stelma FF, Snijders B, Kummeling I et al (2006) Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics 118(2):511–521 (Aug)
Marques TM, Wall R, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Ryan CA, Stanton C (2010) Programming infant gut microbiota: influence of dietary and environmental factors. Curr Opin Biotechnol 21(2):149–156 (Apr)
Al-Jumaili IJ, Shibley M, Lishman AH, Record CO (1984) Incidence and origin of Clostridium difficile in neonates. J Clin Microbiol 19(1):77–78 (Jan)
Gronlund MM, Lehtonen OP, Eerola E, Kero P (1999) Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after cesarean delivery. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 28(1):19–25 (Jan)
Neu J, Rushing J (2011) Cesarean versus vaginal delivery: long-term infant outcomes and the hygiene hypothesis. Clin Perinatol 38(2):321–331 (Jun)
Mshvildadze M, Neu J, Mai V (2008) Intestinal microbiota development in the premature neonate: establishment of a lasting commensal relationship? Nutr Rev 66(11):658–663 (Nov)
Fernandez L, Vanga S, Martin V, Maldonado A, Jimenez E, Rodriguez JM (2013) The human milk microbiota: Origin and potential roles in health and disease. Pharmacol Res 69:1–10
Thomas DW, Greer FR, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition (2010) Probiotics and prebiotics in pediatrics. Pediatrics 126(6):1217–1231 (Dec)
Parracho H, McCartney AL, Gibson GR (2007) Probiotics and prebiotics in infant nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc 66(3):405–411 (Aug)
Savino F, Roana J, Mandras N, Tarasco V, Locatelli E, Tullio V (2011) Faecal microbiota in breast-fed infants after antibiotic therapy. Acta Paediatr 100(1):75–78 (Jan)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Interessenkonflikt
Lisa-Maria Werzin und Bernhard Resch geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Werzin, LM., Resch, B. Das Mikrobiom des Neugeborenen. Paediatr. Paedolog. Austria 50, 160–167 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00608-015-0289-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00608-015-0289-9