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Geographic genetic structure of Iberian columbines (gen. Aquilegia)

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Abstract

Southern European columbines (genus Aquilegia) are involved in active processes of diversification, and the Iberian Peninsula offers a privileged observatory to witness the process. Studies on Iberian columbines have provided significant advances on species diversification, but we still lack a complete perspective of the genetic diversification in the Iberian scenario. This work explores how genetic diversity of the genus Aquilegia is geographically structured across the Iberian Peninsula. We used Bayesian clustering methods, principal coordinates analyses, and NJ phenograms to assess the genetic relationships among 285 individuals from 62 locations and detect the main lineages. Genetic diversity of Iberian columbines consists of five geographically structured lineages, corresponding to different Iberian taxa. Differentiation among lineages shows particularly complex admixture patterns at Northeast and highly homogeneous toward Northwest and Southeast. This geographic genetic structure suggests the existence of incomplete lineage sorting and interspecific hybridization as could be expected in recent processes of diversification under the influence of quaternary postglacial migrations. This scenario is consistent with what is proposed by the most recent studies on European and Iberian columbines, which point to geographic isolation and divergent selection by habitat specialization as the main diversification drivers of the Iberian Aquilegia complex.

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank D. Guzmán and A.R. Larrinaga for his invaluable aid while sampling at Pyrenees. At Sierras de Segura y Cazorla, A. Benavente helped us finding locations and S. Arenas assisted in the field. We also benefited from the helpful advice of P. Bazaga on laboratory procedures. M.C. Martinell provided DNA extract from Avp. We also thank the Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Laboratory of EBD (LAST-EBD). Bioinformatic STRUCTURE analyses were carried out on the (earlier times) freely available Bioportal (www.bioportal.uio.no). This work was partly supported by Grant BOS2003-03979-C02-01, BOS2003-03979-C02-02, and CGL2006-01355/BOS from Ministerio Ciencia y Tecnología. During part of this work JLG was granted by the postdoctoral program (EX2003-0376) of Ministerio Educación, Cultura y Deporte, and by the Severo Ochoa Program for Centres of Excellence in R+D+I (SEV-2012-0262) of Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.

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  1. Depto. Ecología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD-CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio, 26, 41092, Seville, Spain

    Jose L. Garrido, Mónica Medrano & Carlos M. Herrera

  2. Depto. Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain

    Julio M. Alcántara, Pedro J. Rey, Jesús M. Bastida & Rafael Jaime

  3. School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK

    María C. Castellanos

  4. Depto. Botánica, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain

    Javier Guitián

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Correspondence to Jose L. Garrido.

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Handling editor: Pablo Vargas.

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Online Resource 1. Details on primers combinations used.

Online Resource 2. Variation in ∆K parameter for the STRUCTURE analysis.

Online Resource 3. Admixture analysis performed with BAPS.

Online Resource 4. STRUCTURE analysis specifically performed on Prebetic locations.

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Garrido, J.L., Alcántara, J.M., Rey, P.J. et al. Geographic genetic structure of Iberian columbines (gen. Aquilegia). Plant Syst Evol 303, 1145–1160 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1428-5

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