Abstract
The phylogenetic position of two Aspergillus strains isolated from Australian soil and phenotypically resembling A. unilateralis was investigated by using multigene phylogeny based on β-tubulin (benA), calmodulin (CaM), actin (act), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. The analysis supported their placement into a separate lineage within a well-supported clade containing 10 other members of section Fumigati (“A. unilateralis clade”). Comparisons of extrolite profiles, taxonomically informative morphological and physiological characters were made, and it was discovered that the two strains can be differentiated from all relatives by their low maximum growth temperature, short stipes, and ornamentation of conidia. The data justified the proposal of a new species, A. tasmanius sp. nov. Amplification of mating-type genes showed that the A. unilateralis clade contains five heterothallic species. Only the MAT1-1-1 idiomorph was detected among isolates of A. unilateralis, A. tasmanicus, and A. marvanovae, while isolates having both opposite mating types were detected in A. turcosus and A. nishimurae. The sexual state of A. turcosus was induced by mating experiments and is described in this study. Ascospores of this species were unique by their smooth to finely verrucose convex surface and two well-visible equatorial crests. Some exometabolites detected in A. marvanovae and A. tasmanicus are also indicative of a perfect state, thus supporting the hypothesis that these species have cryptic sexual cycles. The epitype and ex-epitype culture is designated for A. nishimurae to facilitate further taxonomic work with this species.
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This research was supported by the project of Charles University Grant Agency (GAUK 1130214), and the project BIOCEV (CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0109) provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR and ERDF. Prof Karol Marhold’s consultation on nomenclatural issues is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Milada Chudíčková, Alena Gabrielová and Kyung-youn Hong for their invaluable assistance in laboratory and Veronica Jurjević for assistance with editing.
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Online Resource 1. A concatenated alignment of β-tubulin (benA), calmodulin (CaM), actin (act) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes used for construction of tree on Fig. 1: benA: positions 1–537; CaM: positions 538–1231; act: positions 1232–1669; RPB2: positions 1670–2667.
Online Resource 2. Secondary metabolites detected in species from Aspergillus unilateralis clade and their absorption maxima, and bracketed retention indexes (RI) based on a series of alkylphenones (Frisvad and Thrane 1987, 1993).
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Hubka, V., Dudová, Z., Kubátová, A. et al. Taxonomic novelties in Aspergillus section Fumigati: A. tasmanicus sp. nov., induction of sexual state in A. turcosus and overview of related species. Plant Syst Evol 303, 787–806 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1400-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1400-4