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Untangling the hybrid origin of the Chinese tea roses: evidence from DNA sequences of single-copy nuclear and chloroplast genes

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Abstract

The tea-scented China roses largely correspond to the three recognized double-petaled Rosa odorata (Andrews) Sweet (Rosoideae, Rosaceae) varieties, which are the ancestors of modern hybrid tea roses and had a definite and permanent influence on the evolution of modern garden roses. Here the hypothesis of a hybrid origin of the tea-scented China roses between R. odorata var. gigantea and R. chinensis was tested. Two single-copy nuclear genes of the cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and the chloroplast-expressed glutamine synthetase (ncpGS) together with two plastid loci (trnL-F and psbA-trnH) were sequenced for representative accessions of four R. odorata varieties, R. chinensis, and 28 other Rosa species. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated from two nuclear loci using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses, and a haplotype network was constructed on the combined plastid data using NETWORK. For GAPDH and ncpGS loci, the clonal sequences of the three double-petaled varieties were clustered into two clades, one clade with R. odorata var. gigantea, and the other with partial sequences of R. chinensis, which suggested that the tea-scented China roses were hybrids between R. odorata var. gigantea and R. chinensis. Two plastid loci suggested that R. odorata var. gigantea could be the maternal parent and R. chinensis the paternal parent.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 40830209) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. KSCX2-YW-R-136). We thank Kunming Yang Chinese Rose Gardening Co., Ltd., for supplying the materials of ancient rose cultivars. We thank Prof. Tod Stuessy from the University of Vienna and Prof. Andrew L. Hipps from the Morton Arboretum for revising the manuscript. This work was conducted in the Southwest China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China

    Jing Meng, De-Zhu Li & Ting-Shuang Yi

  2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Jing Meng

  3. Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China

    Jing Meng

  4. Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 416, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Marie Fougère-Danezan & Li-Bing Zhang

  5. Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, 63166-0299, MO, USA

    Li-Bing Zhang

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  1. Jing Meng
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  2. Marie Fougère-Danezan
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  4. De-Zhu Li
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Correspondence to De-Zhu Li or Ting-Shuang Yi.

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Meng, J., Fougère-Danezan, M., Zhang, LB. et al. Untangling the hybrid origin of the Chinese tea roses: evidence from DNA sequences of single-copy nuclear and chloroplast genes. Plant Syst Evol 297, 157–170 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0504-5

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