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A comparative study of shoot and floral development in Paris tetraphylla and P. verticillata (Trilliaceae)

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Summary

Using scanning electron microscopy, we present new morphological and developmental data on rhizomes and aerial flowering shoots of two Japanese Paris species, P. tetraphylla and P. verticillata. Differences in rhizome characters between the species were identified, including 2(–3) annual nodes in P. tetraphylla versus 3–4 in P. verticillata, and thick and elastic rhizomes in the former versus thin and fragile ones in the latter. Numerous cauline leaves, commonly ranging from (4)5 to 8 in P. verticillata, are due to further separation and formation of abaxially situated leaf primordia on the shoot apex. This dorsiventral formation is unique among vegetative foliage leaf whorls. Paris tetraphylla is unusual among Paris in having apetaliferous flowers; this is due to the suppression of petal primordia formed early in development. The origin of the apetaliferous flower state differs between Paris and the closely related Trillium by the suppression of petal primordia in the former and homeosis or loss in the latter. As a result, four carpels with stylar branches have the same antesepalous position in both Paris species, whereas the organs are antesepalous in petaliferous T. camschatcense and alternate with sepals in apetaliferous T. apetalon.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    M. Narita

  2. The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    H. Takahashi

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  1. M. Narita
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  2. H. Takahashi
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Correspondence to H. Takahashi.

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Narita, M., Takahashi, H. A comparative study of shoot and floral development in Paris tetraphylla and P. verticillata (Trilliaceae). Plant Syst Evol 272, 67–78 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-007-0642-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-007-0642-y

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