Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Number of floral organs in Circaeaster agrestis (Circaeasteraceae) and possible homeosis among floral organs

  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

98.9% of 5092 flowers from 1041 individuals of Circaeaster agrestis have five floral organs, the formula is P3A1G1 (73.13%), P2A2G1 (25.59%), and P2A1G2 (0.22%). Only 0.4% of the flowers have six floral organs and the formula is P3A1G2 (20 flowers) or P3A2G1 (one flower). All these flowers have one vascular bundle in the pedicel and were considered to be normal ones. There are 33 flowers (0.65%) with six or more floral organs and two vascular bundles in the pedicel and we found traces of fusion of different degree of two flowers into one. These flowers were considered as abnormal. Therefore the normal number of floral organs of C. agrestis is five and occasionally six, and the floral formulas are P3A1G1 or P2A2G1, sometimes P2A1G2, and occasionally P3A1G2 or P3A2G1. A tepal in P3A1G1 may be replaced by a stamen in P2A2G1 or by a carpel in P2A1G2 or in reverse. A carpel in P3A1G2 may be replaced by a stamen in P3A2G1 or in reverse. We hypothesize that there are two possibilities for the number of the floral organs to be five (six), the result of reduction from P3A2G2, or there exists homeosis among floral organs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • InstitutionalAuthorNameAPG (The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group) (1998) ArticleTitleAn ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85 531–553 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2992015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Barabé C. Lacroix (2000) ArticleTitleHomeosis in Araceae flowers: the case of Philodendron melinonii Ann. Bot. 86 479–491 Occurrence Handle10.1006/anbo.2000.1207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Diels (1932) ArticleTitleCircaeaster eine hochgradig reduzierte Ranunculacee Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 49 55–60

    Google Scholar 

  • P. K. Endress (1994) Diversity and evolutionary biology of tropical flowers Cambridge University Press Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • A. S. Foster (1963) ArticleTitleThe morphology and relationships of Circaeaster J. Arnold Arbor. 44 299–321

    Google Scholar 

  • M. W. Frohlich E. M. Meyerowitz (1997) ArticleTitleThe search for flower homeotic gene homologs in basal angiosperms and Gnetales: a potential new source of data on the evolutionary origin of flowers Int. J. Pl. Sci. 158 IssueIDSuppl. 6 S131–S142 Occurrence Handle10.1086/297513 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktlOktw%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes S. (1979) Henderson's dictionary of biological terms. Van. Nostrand Reinhold. New York.

  • Z. H. Hu J. Yang R. Q. Jing Z. M. Dong (1990) ArticleTitleMorphology studies on Circaeaster agrestis II. Morphology and anatomy of flower, fruit and seed Cathaya 2 77–88

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Hutchinson (1959) Families of flowering plants. Vol. 1. Dicotyledons EditionNumber2 Oxford University Press London 399–413

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Janchen (1949) ArticleTitleDie systematische Gliederung der Ranunculaceen und Berberidaceen Denkschr. Österr. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Nat. Kl. 108 1–82

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Junell (1931) ArticleTitleDie Entwicklungsgeschichte von Circaeaster agrestis Svensk Bot. Tidsskr. 25 238–270

    Google Scholar 

  • B. K. Kirchoff (1991) ArticleTitleHomeosis in the flowers of the Zingiberales Amer. J. Bot. 78 833–837 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2445074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N. L. Lehmann R. Sattler (1992) ArticleTitleIrregular floral development in Calla palustris (Araceae) and the concept of homeosis Amer. J. Bot. 79 1145–1157 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2445214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N. L. Lehmann R. Sattler (1993) ArticleTitleHomeosis in floral development of Sanguinaria canadensis and S. canadensis “Multiplex” (Papaveraceae) Amer. J. Bot. 80 1323–1335 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2445718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N. L. Lehmann R. Sattler (1994) ArticleTitleFloral development and homeosis in Actaea rubra (Ranunculaceae) Int. J. Pl. Sci. 155 658–671 Occurrence Handle10.1086/297205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N. L. Lehmann R. Sattler (1996) ArticleTitleStaminate floral development in Begonia cucullata var. hookeri and three double-flowering begonia cultivars, examples of homeosis Canad. J. Bot. 74 1729–1741

    Google Scholar 

  • N. L. Lehmann R. Sattler (1997) ArticleTitlePolyaxial development in homeotic flowers of three begonia cultivars Canad. J. Bot. 75 145–154 Occurrence Handle10.1139/b97-017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. J. Mabberley A. Hay (1994) ArticleTitleHomeosis, canalization, decanalization, ‘characters' and angiosperms origins Edinburgh J. Bot. 51 117–126 Occurrence Handle10.1017/S0960428600001761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C. J. Maximowicz (1881) ArticleTitleDiagnoses plantarum novarum Asiaticarum Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. 27 557

    Google Scholar 

  • V. G. Meyer (1966) ArticleTitleFlower abnormalities Bot. Rev. 32 165–218

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Mouradov T. V. Glassick B. A. Hamdorf L. C. Murphy S. S. Marla Y. Yang R. D. Teasdale (1998) ArticleTitleFamily of MADS-box genes expressed early in male and female reproductive structures of Monterey Pine Pl. Physiol. 117 55–61 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.117.1.55 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjsFSksLk%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver D. (1895) Circaeaster agrestis In: Hooker's Icones Plantarum. IV.4: pl. 2366.

  • M. D. Purugganan (1998) ArticleTitleThe molecular evolution of development BioEssays 20 700–711 Occurrence Handle9819559 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199809)20:9<700::AID-BIES3>3.0.CO;2-K Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2Fjs12qtg%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ren Y. (1996) Morphological studies and discussion of taxonomic position on Kingdonia and Circaeaster. Ph. D. Dissertation. Northwest University, Xi'an, China.

  • Y. Ren Y. P. Xiao Z. H. Hu (1998) ArticleTitleThe morphological nature of the open dichotomous leaf venation of Kingdonia and Circaeaster and its systematic implication J. Pl. Res. 111 225–230 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02512174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Ren Z. J. Li Z. H. Hu (2003) ArticleTitleApproaches to the systematic position of Circaeaster based on the morphological data Acta Bot. Bor.-Occid. Sin. 23 1091–1097

    Google Scholar 

  • L. P. Ronse De Craene (2003) ArticleTitleThe evolutionary significance of homeosis in flowers: a morphological perspective Int. J. Pl. Sci. 164 IssueIDSuppl. 5 S225–S235 Occurrence Handle10.1086/376878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Sattler (1988) ArticleTitleHomeosis in plants Amer. J. Bot. 75 1606–1617 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2444710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Sattler (1994) Homology, homeosis and process morphology in plants B. K. Hall (Eds) Homology: the hierarchical basis of comparative biology Academic Press London 423–475

    Google Scholar 

  • N. L. Smith-Huerta (1992) ArticleTitleA comparison of floral development in wild type and a homeotic sepaloid petal mutant of Clarkia tembloriensis (Onagraceae) Amer. J. Bot. 79 1423–1430 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2445142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. F. Thorne (1974) ArticleTitleA phylogenetic classification of the Annoniflorae Aliso 8 147–209

    Google Scholar 

  • X. H. Tian L. Zhang Y. Ren (2006) ArticleTitleDevelopment of flowers and inflorescences of Circaeaster (Circaeasteraceae, Ranunculales) Pl. Syst. Evol. 256 89–96 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00606-005-0377-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W. T. Wang (1980) Circaeaster W. T. Wang (Eds) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 28 Science Press Beijing 239–241

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Weigel E. M. Meyerowitz (1994) ArticleTitleThe ABCs of floral homeotic genes Cell 78 203–209 Occurrence Handle7913881 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0092-8674(94)90291-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlsFehsbc%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C. Y. Wu K. Kubitzki (1993) Circaeasteraceae K. Kubitzki J. G. Rohwer V. Bittrich (Eds) Families and genera of vascular plants EditionNumber2 Springer Berlin 288–289

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China

    X.-H. Tian, L. Zhao, Y. Ren & X.-H. Zhang

Authors
  1. X.-H. Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Y. Ren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. X.-H. Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Y. Ren.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tian, XH., Zhao, L., Ren, Y. et al. Number of floral organs in Circaeaster agrestis (Circaeasteraceae) and possible homeosis among floral organs. Plant Syst. Evol. 265, 259–265 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-007-0524-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-007-0524-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation