Abstract.
We introduce a notion of topological extension of a given set X. The resulting class of topological spaces includes the Stone-Čech compactification βX of the discrete space X, as well as all nonstandard models of X in the sense of nonstandard analysis (when endowed with a “natural” topology). In this context, we give a simple characterization of nonstandard extensions in purely topological terms, and we establish connections with special classes of ultrafilters whose existence is independent of ZFC.
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Di Nasso, M., Forti, M. Topological and Nonstandard Extensions. Mh Math 144, 89–112 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00605-004-0255-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00605-004-0255-2